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In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secure communications between two parties based on physical laws. However, most of the security proofs of QKD today make unrealistic assumptions and neglect many relevant device…
We developed an absolute Johnson noise thermometer (JNT), an instrument to measure the thermodynamic temperature of a sensing resistor, with traceability to voltage, resistance and frequency quantities. The temperature is measured in energy…
This study addresses a new question regarding the security of the Kirchhoff-Law-Johnson-Noise (KLJN) scheme compromised by DC sources at Alice and Bob: What is the impact of these parasitic sources on active attacks, such as the…
In the case of the need of extraordinary security, Kirchhoff-loop-Johnson-(like)-noise ciphers can easily be integrated on existing types of digital chips in order to provide secure data communication between hardware processors, memory…
We revisit the theory of dissipative mechanics in RLC circuits, allowing for circuit elements to have nonlinear constitutive relations, and for the circuit to have arbitrary topology. We systematically generalize the dissipationless…
Physical layer secret key generation exploits the reciprocal channel randomness for key generation and has proven to be an effective addition security layer in wireless communications. However, static or scarcely random channels require…
We propose a non-deterministic two-way quantum key distribution in which the quantum correlation is established by transmitting the randomly polarized photon. We analyze the security of the proposed quantum key distribution against photon…
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs) have shown great promise as hardware sources for true random number generation (TRNG) due to their intrinsic stochastic switching behavior. However, practical deployment remains challenged by drift in…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…
The random-energy model (REM), a solvable spin-glass model, has impacted an incredibly diverse set of problems, from protein folding to combinatorial optimization to many-body localization. Here, we explore a new connection to secret…
Much scientific work has focused on the generation of random numbers as well as the distribution of said random numbers for use as a cryptographic key. However, emphasis is often placed on one of the two to the exclusion of the other, but…
Relativistic cryptography is a proposal for achieving unconditional security that exploits the fact that no information carrier can travel faster than the speed of light. It is based on space-time constraints but doesn't require quantum…
We study the robustness of quantum key distribution protocols using discrete or continuous variables to the channel noise. We introduce the model of such noise based on coupling of the signal to a thermal reservoir, typical for…
Quantum key distribution is widely thought to offer unconditional security in communication between two users. Unfortunately, a widely accepted proof of its security in the presence of source, device and channel noises has been missing.…
We analyze the thermodynamic costs of the three main approaches to generating random numbers via the recently introduced Information Processing Second Law. Given access to a specified source of randomness, a random number generator (RNG)…
We propose a new quantum key distribution scheme that is based on the optimum expectation values of maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. Our protocol makes use of the degrees of freedom in continuously variable angles,…
We propose and demonstrate a scheme to realize a high-efficiency truly quantum random number generator (RNG) at room temperature (RT). Using an effective extractor with simple time bin encoding method, the avalanche pulses of avalanche…
When elementary quantum systems, such as polarized photons, are used to transmit digital information, the uncertainty principle gives rise to novel cryptographic phenomena unachievable with traditional transmission media, e.g. a…
Radiative cooling has showcased great potential for passive refrigeration without extra energy consumption, while its cooling power and efficiency is confined by Kirchhoff's law, that is, the emissivity is equal to the absorptivity. The…
Recently, a "counterfactual" quantum key distribution scheme was proposed by Tae-Gon Noh [1]. In this scheme, two legitimate distant peers may share secret keys even when the information carriers are not traveled in the quantum channel. We…