Related papers: Computable randomness and monotonicity
Computability on uncountable sets has no standard formalization, unlike that on countable sets, which is given by Turing machines. Some of the approaches to define computability in these sets rely on order-theoretic structures to translate…
We study approximation in the unit interval by rational numbers whose numerators are selected randomly with certain probabilities. Previous work showed that an analogue of Khintchine's Theorem holds in a similar random model and raised the…
Random number generators are widely used in practical algorithms. Examples include simulation, number theory (primality testing and integer factorization), fault tolerance, routing, cryptography, optimization by simulated annealing, and…
With the great success in simulating many intelligent behaviors using computing devices, there has been an ongoing debate whether all conscious activities are computational processes. In this paper, the answer to this question is shown to…
Any function can be constructed using a hierarchy of simpler functions through compositions. Such a hierarchy can be characterized by a binary rooted tree. Each node of this tree is associated with a function which takes as inputs two…
It is proved that in suitable filtrations every pair of integrable random variables is the conditional expectation of a pair of commonotone integrable random variables.
This paper introduces a robust class of functions from finite words to integers that we call Z-polyregular functions. We show that it admits natural characterizations in terms of logics, Z-rational expressions, Z-rational series and…
Since many real-world problems arising in the fields of compiler optimisation, automated software engineering, formal proof systems, and so forth are equivalent to the Halting Problem--the most notorious undecidable problem--there is a…
Computational mechanics, an approach to structural complexity, defines a process's causal states and gives a procedure for finding them. We show that the causal-state representation--an $\epsilon$-machine--is the minimal one consistent with…
We define a class of functions termed "Computable in the Limit", based on the Machine Learning paradigm of "Identification in the Limit". A function is Computable in the Limit if it defines a property P_p of a recursively enumerable class A…
Can you decide if there is a coincidence in the numbers counting two different combinatorial objects? For example, can you decide if two regions in $\mathbb{R}^3$ have the same number of domino tilings? There are two versions of the…
Turing computability is the standard computability paradigm which captures the computational power of digital computers. To understand whether one can create physically realistic devices which have super-Turing power, one needs to…
We give a~detailed construction of the complete ordered field of real numbers by means of infinite decimal expansions. We prove that in the canonical encoding of decimals neither addition nor multiplication is {\em computable}, but that…
Although algorithmic randomness with respect to various non-uniform computable measures is well-studied, little attention has been paid to algorithmic randomness with respect to computable \emph{trivial} measures, where a measure $\mu$ on…
Consider a sequence of real-valued functions of a real variable given by a homogeneous linear recursion with differentiable coefficients. We show that if the functions in the sequence are differentiable, then the sequence of derivatives…
Regular functions from infinite words to infinite words can be equivalently specified by MSO-transducers, streaming $\omega$-string transducers as well as deterministic two-way transducers with look-ahead. In their one-way restriction, the…
We propose a rigorous decomposition of predictive error, highlighting that not all 'irreducible' error is genuinely immutable. Many domains stand to benefit from iterative enhancements in measurement, construct validity, and modeling. Our…
Martin's Conjecture states that every definable function on the Turing degrees is either constant or increasing, and that every increasing function is an iterate of the Turing jump. This classification has already been corroborated for the…
A space is functionally countable if every real-valued continuous function has countable image. A stronger property recently defined by Tkachuk is exponentially separability. We start by studying these properties in GO spaces, where we…
The Rabin tree theorem yields an algorithm to solve the satisfiability problem for monadic second-order logic over infinite trees. Here we solve the probabilistic variant of this problem. Namely, we show how to compute the probability that…