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In this chapter we offer an introduction to weak values from a three-fold perspective: first, outlining the protocols that enable their experimental determination; next, deriving their correlates in the quantum formalism and, finally,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Xabier Oianguren-Asua , Albert Solé , Carlos F. Destefani , Xavier Oriols

The variance of an observable in a pre-selected quantum system, which is always real and non-negative, appears as an increase in the probe wave packet width in indirect measurements. Extending this framework to pre- and post-selected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Kazuhisa Ogawa , Natsuki Abe , Hirokazu Kobayashi , Akihisa Tomita

The canonical commutation relation is the hallmark of quantum theory and Heisenberg's uncertainty relation is a direct consequence of it. But despite its fundamental role in quantum theory, surprisingly, its genuine direct experimental test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-30 Richard Wagner , Wenzel Kersten , Armin Danner , Hartmut Lemmel , Alok Kumar Pan , Stephan Sponar

While the novel applications of weak values have recently attracted wide attention, weak measurement, the usual way to extract weak values, suffers from risky approximations and severe quantum noises. In this paper, we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-30 Yu-Xiang Zhang , Shengjun Wu , Zeng-Bing Chen

Weak value is increasingly acknowledged as an important research tool for probing quantum pre- and post-selected ensembles, where some extraordinary phenomena occur. We generalize this concept to the broader notion of "weak potential" which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-14 Yakir Aharonov , Eliahu Cohen , Shay Ben-Moshe

Encoding the imaginary part of a weak value onto an initially entangled probe can modify its entanglement content - provided the probe observable can distinguish between states of different entropies. Apart from fundamental interest, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Menzies , Natalia Korolkova

Current quantum computer technology is sufficient to realize weak measurements and the corresponding concept of weak values. We demonstrate how the weak value anomaly can be tested, along with consistency and simultaneity of weak values,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-20 Todd A. Brun , Lajos Diosi , Walter T. Strunz

We review the definition and the concepts of the weak values and some measurement model to extract the weak value. This material is based on the author Ph.D. thesis "Time in Weak Values and Discrete Time Quantum Walk" at Tokyo Institute of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Yutaka Shikano

A novel method was recently proposed and experimentally realized for characterizing a quantum state by directly measuring its complex probability amplitudes in a particular basis using so-called weak values. Recently Vallone and Dequal…

The arrival time probability distribution is defined by analogy with the classical mechanics. The difficulty of requirement to have the values of non-commuting operators is circumvented using the concept of weak measurements. The proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Ruseckas , B. Kaulakys

In this letter, we present a new procedure to determine completely the complex modular values of arbitrary observables of pre- and post-selected ensembles, which works experimentally for all measurement strengths and all post-selected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-29 Mirko Cormann , Mathilde Remy , Branko Kolaric , Yves Caudano

Since weak measurements are known to produce measurement values that can be much larger than the maximal eigenvalues of the measured observable, it is an interesting question how this enhancement of the measurement signal relates to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 Holger F. Hofmann

We propose a usage of a weak value for a quantum processing between preselection and postselection. While the weak value of a projector of 1 provides a process with certainty like the probability of 1, the weak value of -1 negates the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-03 Kazuhiro Yokota , Nobuyuki Imoto

We investigate the power of weak measurements in the framework of quantum state discrimination. First, we define and analyze the notion of weak consecutive measurements. Our main result is a convergence theorem whereby we demonstrate when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Boaz Tamir , Eliahu Cohen , Avner Priel

Conventional absorption spectroscopy relies on coherent laser sources, and in turn suffers from the inherent limitation of shot noise, especially in estimating weak absorption. Here we propose a measurement strategy with correlated photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Zhucheng Zhang , Xue Zhang , Jing Liu , Hui Dong

We justify generalisations of weak values from a tentatively relational perspective by deriving them from a generalisation of Bayes' rule. We also argue that these generalisations have implications of quantum nonlocality and may form a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Thomas Marlow

A weak measurement consists in coupling a system to a probe in such a way that constructive interference generates a large output. So far, only the average output of the probe and its variance were studied. Here, the characteristic function…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-07 Antonio Di Lorenzo

Weak measurements may result in extra quantity of quantumness of correlations compared with standard projective measurement on a bipartite quantum state. We show that the quantumness of correlations by weak measurements can be consumed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-18 Lin-Ping Huai , Bo Li , Shi-Xian Qu , Heng Fan

Weak values, obtained from weak measurements, attempt to describe the properties of a quantum system as it evolves from an initial to a final state, without practically altering this evolution. Trajectories can be defined from weak…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-09 Alex Matzkin

The correlation function in quantum systems plays a vital role in decoding their properties and gaining insights into physical phenomena. Its interpretation corresponds to the propagation of particle excitations between space-time, similar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Yuan Feng , Xi Chen , Yongcheng Ding
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