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A novel confidence interval estimator is proposed for the risk difference in noninferiority binomial trials. The confidence interval is consistent with an exact unconditional test that preserves the type-I error, and has improved power,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-18 Nour Hawila , Arthur Berg

Causal inference with observational data can be performed under an assumption of no unobserved confounders (unconfoundedness assumption). There is, however, seldom clear subject-matter or empirical evidence for such an assumption. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-13 Minna Genbäck , Xavier de Luna

This paper presents methods to study the causal effect of a binary treatment on a functional outcome with observational data. We define a Functional Average Treatment Effect and develop an outcome regression estimator. We show how to obtain…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Kreske Ecker , Xavier de Luna , Lina Schelin

The participants in randomized trials and other studies used for causal inference are often not representative of the populations seen by clinical decision-makers. To account for differences between populations, researchers may consider…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-12 Anders Huitfeldt , Sonja A. Swanson , Mats Julius Stensrud , Etsuji Suzuki

In data mining, when binary prediction rules are used to predict a binary outcome, many performance measures are used in a vast array of literature for the purposes of evaluation and comparison. Some examples include classification…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Zheng Yuan , Wenxin Jiang

Generalized linear models, such as logistic regression, are widely used to model the association between a treatment and a binary outcome as a function of baseline covariates. However, the coefficients of a logistic regression model…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-04 Jiaqi Yin , Sonia Markes , Thomas S. Richardson , Linbo Wang

We present a general framework for Bayesian inference of causal effects that delivers provably robust inferences founded on design-based randomization of treatments. The framework involves fixing the observed potential outcomes and forming…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-04 Easton Huch , Fred Feinberg , Walter Dempsey

For binary experimental data, we discuss randomization-based inferential procedures that do not need to invoke any modeling assumptions. We also introduce methods for likelihood and Bayesian inference based solely on the physical…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-25 Peng Ding , Luke W. Miratrix

Adaptive experiments use preliminary analyses of the data to inform further course of action and are commonly used in many disciplines including medical and social sciences. Because the null hypothesis and experimental design are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Tobias Freidling , Qingyuan Zhao , Zijun Gao

Comparative binary outcome data are of fundamental interest in statistics and are often pooled in meta-analyses. Here we examine the simplest case where for each study there are two patient groups and a binary event of interest, giving rise…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-12 Rose Baker , Dan Jackson

Extant "fast" algorithms for Monte Carlo confidence sets are limited to univariate shift parameters for the one-sample and two-sample problems using the sample mean as the test statistic; moreover, some do not converge reliably and most do…

Computation · Statistics 2025-02-27 Amanda K. Glazer , Philip B. Stark

Complex scientific models where the likelihood cannot be evaluated present a challenge for statistical inference. Over the past two decades, a wide range of algorithms have been proposed for learning parameters in computationally feasible…

Computation · Statistics 2021-12-16 Aden Forrow , Ruth E. Baker

Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants to make causal inferences about a modifiable exposure. Subject to a genetic variant satisfying the instrumental variable assumptions, an association between the variant and outcome implies a…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-17 Stephen Burgess , Jeremy A Labrecque

Random-effects meta-analyses have been widely applied in evidence synthesis for various types of medical studies. However, standard inference methods (e.g. restricted maximum likelihood estimation) usually underestimate statistical errors…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-13 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Hisashi Noma

In the statistical literature, a number of methods have been proposed to ensure valid inference about marginal effects of variables on a longitudinal outcome in settings with irregular monitoring times. However, the potential biases due to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-23 Janie Coulombe , Erica E M Moodie , Robert W Platt

When estimating causal effects from observational studies, researchers often need to adjust for many covariates to deconfound the non-causal relationship between exposure and outcome, among which many covariates are discrete. The behavior…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Zhenghao Zeng , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Yanjun Han , Edward H. Kennedy

There are over 55 different ways to construct a confidence respectively credible interval (CI) for the binomial proportion. Methods to compare them are necessary to decide which should be used in practice. The interval score has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Lisa J. Hofer , Leonhard Held

In prior work we have introduced an asymptotic threshold of sufficient randomness for causal inference from observational data. In this paper we extend that prior work in three main ways. First, we show how to empirically estimate a lower…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-07 Brian Knaeble , Braxton Osting , Placede Tshiaba

Various methods have recently been proposed to estimate causal effects with confidence intervals that are uniformly valid over a set of data generating processes when high-dimensional nuisance models are estimated by post-model-selection or…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Niloofar Moosavi , Tetiana Gorbach , Xavier de Luna

Comparing counterfactual distributions can provide more nuanced and valuable measures for causal effects, going beyond typical summary statistics such as averages. In this work, we consider characterizing causal effects via distributional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-05 Kwangho Kim , Jisu Kim , Edward H. Kennedy