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The problem of universal outlying sequence detection is studied, where the goal is to detect outlying sequences among $M$ sequences of samples. A sequence is considered as outlying if the observations therein are generated by a distribution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Yuheng Bu , Shaofeng Zou , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Universal outlier hypothesis testing refers to a hypothesis testing problem where one observes a large number of length-$n$ sequences -- the majority of which are distributed according to the typical distribution $\pi$ and a small number…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Bernhard C. Geiger , Tobias Koch , Josipa Mihaljević , Maximilian Toller

Outlier hypothesis testing is studied in a universal setting. Multiple sequences of observations are collected, a small subset of which are outliers. A sequence is considered an outlier if the observations in that sequence are distributed…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-02 Yun Li , Sirin Nitinawarat , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

Universal outlier hypothesis testing is studied in a sequential setting. Multiple observation sequences are collected, a small subset of which are outliers. A sequence is considered an outlier if the observations in that sequence are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-27 Yun Li , Sirin Nitinawarat , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

In this work, we revisit outlier hypothesis testing and propose exponentially consistent, low-complexity fixed-length tests that achieve a better tradeoff between detection performance and computational complexity than existing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Lina Zhu , Lin Zhou

We revisit outlier hypothesis testing, propose exponentially consistent low complexity fixed-length and sequential tests and show that our tests achieve better tradeoff between detection performance and computational complexity than…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jun Diao , Jingjing Wang , Lin Zhou

We study the classic $k$-means/median clustering, which are fundamental problems in unsupervised learning, in the setting where data are partitioned across multiple sites, and where we are allowed to discard a small portion of the data by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Jiecao Chen , Erfan Sadeqi Azer , Qin Zhang

Outliers are the points which are different from or inconsistent with the rest of the data. They can be novel, new, abnormal, unusual or noisy information. Outliers are sometimes more interesting than the majority of the data. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-20 Singh Vijendra , Pathak Shivani

Outlier detection is an essential capability in safety-critical applications of supervised visual recognition. Most of the existing methods deliver best results by encouraging standard closed-set models to produce low-confidence predictions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anja Delić , Matej Grcić , Siniša Šegvić

In outlier hypothesis testing, one aims to detect outlying sequences among a given set of sequences, where most sequences are generated i.i.d. from a nominal distribution while outlying sequences (outliers) are generated i.i.d. from a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Lina Zhu , Lin Zhou

Discriminative learning effectively predicts true object class for image classification. However, it often results in false positives for outliers, posing critical concerns in applications like autonomous driving and video surveillance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Masoud Taghikhah , Nishant Kumar , Siniša Šegvić , Abouzar Eslami , Stefan Gumhold

Outlier detection is an important problem occurring in a wide range of areas. Outliers are the outcome of fraudulent behaviour, mechanical faults, human error, or simply natural deviations. Many data mining applications perform outlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Juan A. Lara , David Lizcano , Víctor Rampérez , Javier Soriano

This note investigates the problem of detecting outliers in longitudinal data. It compares well-known methods used in official statistics with proposals from the fields of data mining and machine learning that are based on the distance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Marcello D'Orazio

This paper develops a flexible distribution-free method for collective outlier detection and enumeration, designed for situations in which the presence of outliers can be detected powerfully even though their precise identification may be…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Chiara G. Magnani , Matteo Sesia , Aldo Solari

With the rise of machine learning and deep learning based applications in practice, monitoring, i.e. verifying that these operate within specification, has become an important practical problem. An important aspect of this monitoring is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Thomas Viehmann

Anomaly detection is to recognize samples that differ in some respect from the training observations. These samples which do not conform to the distribution of normal data are called outliers or anomalies. In real-world anomaly detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Yalda Mohsenzadeh

Universal hypothesis testing refers to the problem of deciding whether samples come from a nominal distribution or an unknown distribution that is different from the nominal distribution. Hoeffding's test, whose test statistic is equivalent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Pengfei Yang , Biao Chen

Recent research has revealed that deep generative models including flow-based models and Variational Autoencoders may assign higher likelihoods to out-of-distribution (OOD) data than in-distribution (ID) data. However, we cannot sample OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Yufeng Zhang , Jialu Pan , Wanwei Liu , Zhenbang Chen , Ji Wang , Zhiming Liu , Kenli Li , Hongmei Wei

An outlier is an observation or a data point that is far from rest of the data points in a given dataset or we can be said that an outlier is away from the center of mass of observations. Presence of outliers can skew statistical measures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Amulya Agarwal , Nitin Gupta

We revisit the outlier hypothesis testing framework of Li \emph{et al.} (TIT 2014) and derive fundamental limits for the optimal test under the generalized Neyman-Pearson criterion. In outlier hypothesis testing, one is given multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Lin Zhou , Yun Wei , Alfred Hero
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