Related papers: Semantics for a Logic of Presuppositions
The integration of lexical semantics and pragmatics in the analysis of the meaning of natural lan- guage has prompted changes to the global framework derived from Montague. In those works, the original lexicon, in which words were assigned…
The language of epistemic specifications and epistemic logic programs extends disjunctive logic programs under the stable model semantics with modal constructs called subjective literals. Using subjective literals, it is possible to check…
Lewis' theory of counterfactuals is the foundation of many contemporary notions of causality. In this paper, we extend this theory in the temporal direction to enable symbolic counterfactual reasoning on infinite sequences, such as…
This paper presents a new system of logic, LF, that is intended to be used as the foundation of the formalization of science. That is, deductive validity according to LF is to be used as the criterion for assessing what follows from the…
This paper aims to expand and detail the notion of formal semantics of Conjectures by applying a theoretic-model approach. After a short introduction to the concepts and basics of Conjectures, we will start from the notion of Simple…
In [12], Nilsson proposed the probabilistic logic in which the truth values of logical propositions are probability values between 0 and 1. It is applicable to any logical system for which the consistency of a finite set of propositions can…
A new computational method is presented to implement the system of deductive logic described by Aristotle in Prior Analytics. Each Aristotelian problem is interpreted as a parametric probability network in which the premises give…
Nonmonotonic reasoning is a pattern of reasoning that allows an agent to make and retract (tentative) conclusions from inconclusive evidence. This paper gives a possible-worlds interpretation of the nonmonotonic reasoning problem based on…
The probability theory is a well-studied branch of mathematics, in order to carry out formal reasoning about probability. Thus, it is important to have a logic, both for computation of probabilities and for reasoning about probabilities,…
In this work we suggest the use of a set-theoretical interpretation of semantic tableaux for teaching propositional logic. If the student has previous notions of basic set theory, this approach to semantical tableaux can clarify her the way…
I discuss two approaches to monotonic proof-theoretic semantics. In the first one, which I call SVA, consequence is understood in terms of existence of valid arguments. The latter involve the notions of argument structure and justification…
Dialectical logic is the logic of dialectical processes. The goal of dialectical logic is to reveal the dynamical notions inherent in logical computational systems. The fundamental notions of proposition and truth-value in standard logic…
Debates concerning philosophical grounds for the validity of classical and intuitionistic logics often have the very nature of logical proofs as one of the main points of controversy. The intuitionist advocates for a strict notion of…
This paper presents a plausible reasoning system to illustrate some broad issues in knowledge representation: dualities between different reasoning forms, the difficulty of unifying complementary reasoning styles, and the approximate nature…
I explore some of the issues that arise when trying to establish a connection between the underspecification hypothesis pursued in the NLP literature and work on ambiguity in semantics and in the psychological literature. A theory of…
In 1979 Richard Statman proved, using proof-theory, that the purely implicational fragment of Intuitionistic Logic (M-imply) is PSPACE-complete. He showed a polynomially bounded translation from full Intuitionistic Propositional Logic into…
Linear logic (LL) is a resource-aware, abstract logic programming language that refines both classical and intuitionistic logic. Linear logic semantics is typically presented in one of two ways: by associating each formula with the set of…
The logic of definitions is a family of logics for encoding and reasoning about judgments, which are atomic predicates specified by inference rules. A definition associates an atomic predicate with a logical formula, which may itself depend…
The paper describes an extension of well-founded semantics for logic programs with two types of negation. In this extension information about preferences between rules can be expressed in the logical language and derived dynamically. This…
Conditional logics play an important role in recent attempts to formulate theories of default reasoning. This paper investigates first-order conditional logic. We show that, as for first-order probabilistic logic, it is important not to…