Related papers: Towards Boltzmann Distribution
In this paper, we present an energy method for the system of Boltzmann equations in the multicomponent mixture case, based on a micro-macro decomposition. More precisely, the perturbation of a solution to the Boltzmann equation around a…
A new statistical model for the combined effects of decoherence, energy redistribution and dissipation on electron transport in large quantum systems is introduced. The essential idea is to consider the electron phase information to be lost…
In the framework of Gibbs statistical theory, the issue of the distribution of particle sizes forming the statistical system and the moments of this distribution are considered. This task is relevant for a wide variety of applications. The…
We consider the magnetic Lorentz gas proposed by Bobylev et al. [4], which describes a point particle moving in a random distribution of hard-disk obstacles in $\mathbb{R}^2$ under the influence of a constant magnetic field perpendicular to…
Despite its importance, in the introductory disciplines of exact science courses, the demonstration of the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution law is not explained, only its final equation is shown. In order to fill this deficiency, in…
Some general considerations on the notion of entropy in physics are presented. An attempt is made to clarify the question of the differentiation between physical entropy (the Clausius-Boltzmann one) and quantities called entropies…
We consider a system composed of a fixed number of particles with total energy smaller or equal to some prescribed value. The particles are non-interacting, indistinguishable and distributed over fixed number of energy levels. The energy…
Macroscopic mechanical properties of polymers are determined by their microscopic molecular chain distribution. Due to randomness of these molecular chains, probability theory has been used to find their micro-states and energy…
Many policies allocate harms or benefits that are uncertain in nature: they produce distributions over the population in which individuals have different probabilities of incurring harm or benefit. Comparing different policies thus involves…
We find the laws for the spreading of the spatial widths (parallel and transverse to the direction of average motion) of the relativistic position probability density for a massive, spinless particle. We find that when the momentum width of…
The cornerstone of Boltzmann-Gibbs ($BG$) statistical mechanics is the Boltzmann-Gibbs-Jaynes-Shannon entropy $S_{BG} \equiv -k\int dx f(x)\ln f(x)$, where $k$ is a positive constant and $f(x)$ a probability density function. This theory…
In this article, we propose a generalized model for nonequilibrium vibrational energy distribution functions. The model can be used, in place of equilibrium (Boltzmann) distribution functions, when deriving reaction rate constants for…
Boltzmann machines are undirected graphical models with two-state stochastic variables, in which the logarithms of the clique potentials are quadratic functions of the node states. They have been widely studied in the neural computing…
It will be shown, how the Boltzmannian ideas on statistical physics can be naturally applied to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. A similar approach for treating nonequilibrium phenomena has been successfully used by Einstein and Smoluchowski…
As observers of the universe we are quantum physical systems within it. If the universe is very large in space and/or time, the probability becomes significant that the data on which we base predictions is replicated at other locations in…
Boltzmann's struggle with a derivation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is sketched. So is his first derivation of the connection between entropy and probability in 1877. Planck's derivation and quantum mechanical modifications of…
The relativistic Boltzmann equation for a single particle species generally implies a fixed, unchangeable equation of state that corresponds to that of an ideal gas. Real-world systems typically have more complicated equation of state which…
We build solutions to Kac's particle system and show that their empirical measures converge to the solution of the space-homogeneous Boltzmann equation in the regime of very soft potentials. This proves propagation of chaos for the last…
In Boltzmannian statistical mechanics macro-states supervene on micro-states. This leads to a partitioning of the state space of a system into regions of macroscopically indistinguishable micro-states. The largest of these regions is…
Boltzmann equation describes the time development of the velocity distribution in the continuum fluid matter. We formulate the equation using the field theory where the {\it velocity-field} plays the central role. The properties of the…