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Thermalization of isolated quantum systems is a long-standing fundamental problem where different mechanisms are proposed over time. We contribute to this discussion by classifying the diverse quench dynamical behaviours of spin-1…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Ceren B. Dağ , Sheng-Tao Wang , L. -M. Duan

We show that quantum chaotic many-body systems possess the thermodynamic arrow of time in the thermodynamic limit. Berry's conjecture in quantum chaotic systems and equivalence of ensembles imply the Kelvin statement of the second law of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Nilakash Sorokhaibam

Operational quantum stochastic thermodynamics is a recently proposed theory to study the thermodynamics of open systems based on the rigorous notion of a quantum stochastic process or quantum causal model. In there, a stochastic trajectory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Philipp Strasberg

We consider a realistic nonequilibrium protocol, where a quantum system in thermal equilibrium is suddenly subjected to an external force. Due to this force, the system is driven out of equilibrium and the expectation values of certain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-17 Jonas Richter , Mats H. Lamann , Christian Bartsch , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

We study how the proximity to an integrable point or to localization as one approaches the atomic limit, as well as the mixing of symmetries in the chaotic domain, may affect the onset of thermalization in finite one-dimensional systems. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-02-06 Lea F. Santos , Marcos Rigol

We study the heat statistics of a multi-level $N$-dimensional quantum system monitored by a sequence of projective measurements. The late-time, asymptotic properties of the heat characteristic function are analyzed in the thermodynamic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Stefano Gherardini , Guido Giachetti , Stefano Ruffo , Andrea Trombettoni

Thermalization (generalized thermalization) in nonintegrable (integrable) quantum systems requires two ingredients: equilibration and agreement with the predictions of the Gibbs (generalized Gibbs) ensemble. We prove that observables that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-10 Patrycja Łydżba , Marcin Mierzejewski , Marcos Rigol , Lev Vidmar

To bypass the reliance on local observables in verifying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we introduce an observable-independent measure of distinguishability based on the variance of a rescaled local operator. We establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Zhiqiang Huang

In this paper, we employ a semiperturbative theory to study the statistical structural properties of energy eigenfunctions (EFs) in many-body quantum chaotic systems consisting of a central system coupled to an environment. Under certain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-24 Wen-ge Wang , Qingchen Li , Jiaozi Wang , Xiao Wang

This thesis investigates the connection between quantum theory, thermodynamics and information theory. Theories with structure similar to that of quantum theory are considered, mathematically described by the framework of "Generalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-14 Marius Krumm

Quantum thermalization describes how closed quantum systems can effectively reach thermal equilibrium, resolving the apparent incongruity between the reversibility of Schr\"odinger's equation and the second law of thermodynamics. Despite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Saúl Pilatowsky-Cameo , Soonwon Choi

The last decade has witnessed the remarkable progress in our understanding of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. Combining the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis with quantum measurement theory, we extend the framework of quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-31 Yuto Ashida , Keiji Saito , Masahito Ueda

The eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis resolves the paradox of emergent thermal or classical behaviour in a closed quantum system by focussing upon local observations. This permits the remainder of the system to act as a bath,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-09-11 Andrew Hallam , James Morley , Andrew G. Green

Out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) have become established as a tool to characterise quantum information dynamics and thermalisation in interacting quantum many-body systems. It was recently argued that the expected exponential growth of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-21 Marlon Brenes , Silvia Pappalardi , Mark T. Mitchison , John Goold , Alessandro Silva

Significant attention has been devoted to the problem of thermalization of observables in isolated quantum setups by individual eigenstates. Here, we address this issue from an open quantum system perspective, examining an isolated setup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Krzysztof Ptaszynski , Massimiliano Esposito

Focusing on isolated macroscopic systems, described either in terms of a quantum mechanical or a classical model, our two key questions are: In how far does an initial ensemble (usually far from equilibrium and largely unknown in detail)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-11-13 Peter Reimann , Mykhaylo Evstigneev

The postulates of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) express that thermalization occurs due to the individual eigenstate of the system's Hamiltonian. But the ETH put no light on the dynamics that lead toward thermalization. In…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-11-02 Javed Akram , Asad Hussain , Muhammad Nouman , Jameel Hussain

Motivated by recent ion experiments on tunable long-range interacting quantum systems [B.Neyenhuis et al., Sci.Adv.3, e1700672 (2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700672 )], we test the strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH)…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-27 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

Eigenstate thermalization is widely accepted as the mechanism behind thermalization in generic isolated quantum systems. Using the example of a single magnetic defect embedded in the integrable spin-1/2 $XXZ$ chain, we show that locally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-08-14 Marlon Brenes , Tyler LeBlond , John Goold , Marcos Rigol

We consider the question of thermalization for isolated quantum systems after a sudden parameter change, a so-called quantum quench. In part icular we investigate the pre-requisites for thermalization focusing on the statistical properties…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2011-01-10 G. Biroli , C. Kollath , A. Laeuchli
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