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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will start operation in the end of 2007 colliding proton and lead beams at \surd S = 14 TeV and \surd S_{NN} = 5.5 TeV, respectively. The accelerator and the experiments are under construction and detailed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2007-07-25 Hans-Ake Gustafsson

The CERN LHC delivered 25/fb of proton-proton collision data in 2011-2012 at sqrt{s} = 7 - 8 TeV centre-of-mass energy to the ATLAS detector. These Run 1 data were used to discover the Higgs boson and measure its properties as well as to…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-02-05 Gabriella Pásztor

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a centre-of-mass energy of 14\,TeV and to reach the unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of 5\,$-$\,7.5\,x\,$10^{34}$\,cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-22 Alessandro La Rosa

The Large Hadron Collider, LHC, though meant for discovery, will provide enough data from early phase to also perform various studies of Standard Model processes in as yet unexplored kinematic regions. Precision measurements of the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-09-10 Kajari Mazumdar

Experimental Particle Physics has been at the forefront of analyzing the worlds largest datasets for decades. The HEP community was the first to develop suitable software and computing tools for this task. In recent times, new toolkits and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Oliver Gutsche , Matteo Cremonesi , Peter Elmer , Bo Jayatilaka , Jim Kowalkowski , Jim Pivarski , Saba Sehrish , Cristina Mantilla Surez , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Nhan Tran

Since its start of data taking, the LHC has provided an impressive wealth of information on the quark and gluon structure of the proton. Indeed, modern global analyses of parton distribution functions (PDFs) include a wide range of LHC…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-12-05 Rabah Abdul Khalek , Shaun Bailey , Jun Gao , Lucian Harland-Lang , Juan Rojo

The ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb collaborations have leveraged data from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to advance our understanding of fundamental particles and their interactions. These collaborative efforts…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-05-14 Giacomo Fedi

The 75,848 lead tungstate crystals in CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are used to measure the energy of electrons and photons produced in the proton-proton collisions. The optical transparency of the crystals degrades…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-03-28 Bhargav Joshi , Taihui Li , Buyun Liang , Roger Rusack , Ju Sun

Over the next ten years, the physics reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) will be greatly extended through increases in the instantaneous luminosity of the accelerator and large…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2013-08-13 Peter Elmer , Salvatore Rappoccio , Kevin Stenson , Peter Wittich

The LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is performing high precision measurements in the flavour sector. An excellent performance of the particle identification (PID) detectors as well as the development of new data taking…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Fabio Ferrari

We review a subset of experimental results from the heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at CERN. Excellent consistency is observed across all the experiments at the LHC (at center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV) for…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-12-25 Ranbir Singh , Lokesh Kumar , Pawan Kumar Netrakanti , Bedangadas Mohanty

The ATLAS and CMS experiments have collected data at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) since December 2009, and with a collision energy \sprts=7 TeV since March 2010. Both detectors work remarkably well at this early stage of operation,…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2010-12-08 Allan G. Clark

The LHCb experiment stores around $10^{11}$ collision events per year. A typical physics analysis deals with a final sample of up to $10^7$ events. Event preselection algorithms (lines) are used for data reduction. Since the data are stored…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-08 D. Derkach , N. Kazeev , R. Neychev , A. Panin , I. Trofimov , A. Ustyuzhanin , M. Vesterinen

This paper describes the reconstruction of electrons and photons with the ATLAS detector, as employed for measurements and searches exploiting the complete LHC Run 2 dataset. An improved energy clustering algorithm is introduced, and its…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-12-18 ATLAS Collaboration

I review the main predictions for the heavy-ion programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, as available in early April 2009. I begin by remembering the standard claims made in view of the experimental data measured at the Super…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-12-21 N. Armesto

Proton-proton collisions at the LHC generate a high-intensity collimated beam of neutrinos in the forward (beam) direction, characterised by energies of up to several TeV. The recent observation of LHC neutrinos by FASER$\nu$ and SND@LHC…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-02 Juan M. Cruz-Martinez , Max Fieg , Tommaso Giani , Peter Krack , Toni Mäkelä , Tanjona Rabemananjara , Juan Rojo

The Large Hadron-Electron Collider (LHeC) will operate at $\sqrt{s}$ = 1.2 TeV and accumulate about 1/ab of integrated electron-proton luminosity. Novel studies of high energy photon-photon interactions at the LHeC, at the $\gamma\gamma$…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-09-24 Krzysztof Piotrzkowski , Yuji Yamazaki

The ATLAS Inner Detector is responsible for particle tracking in ATLAS experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and comprises silicon and gas based detectors. The combination of both silicon and gas based detectors provides high…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Ewa Stanecka

A major LHCb detector upgrade will be installed during long shutdown~4 (LS4) of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiment will operate at a maximum luminosity of up to $1.5\times 10^{34}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, with acceptance…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-04-07 LHCb collaboration

The Large Hadron Collider has entered a new era in Run 2, with centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and instantaneous luminosity reaching $\mathcal{L}_\textrm{inst} = 1.4\times$10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ for pp collisions. In order to cope…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-11-09 Thiago R. F. P. Tomei