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Anonymous communication networks (ACNs) enable Internet browsing in a way that prevents the accessed content from being traced back to the user. This allows a high level of privacy, protecting individuals from being tracked by advertisers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Mohammad Saidur Rahman , Stephen DiAdamo , Miralem Mehic , Charles Fleming

The Bitcoin Lightning network is a mechanism to enable fast and inexpensive off-chain Bitcoin transactions using peer-to-peer (P2P) channels between nodes that can also be composed into a routing path. Although the resulting possible…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Finnegan Waugh , Ralph Holz

Public blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin provide transparency and accountability, and have strong non-repudiation properties, but fall far short of enterprise privacy requirements for business processes. Consequently consortiums are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Peter Robinson , John Brainard

Anonymity systems such as Tor aim to enable users to communicate in a manner that is untraceable by adversaries that control a small number of machines. To provide efficient service to users, these anonymity systems make full use of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Prateek Mittal , Ahmed Khurshid , Joshua Juen , Matthew Caesar , Nikita Borisov

Since its advent in 2009, Bitcoin, a cryptography-enabled peer-to-peer digital payment system, has been gaining increasing attention from both academia and industry. An effort designed to overcome a cluster of bottlenecks inherent in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ling Cheng , Feida Zhu , Huiwen Liu , Chunyan Miao

Bitcoin is the first and the most extensive decentralized electronic cryptocurrency system that uses blockchain technology. It uses a peer-to-peer (P2P) network to operate without a central authority and propagate system information such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

The cross-blockchain transaction (CBT) serves as a cornerstone for the next-generation, blockchain-based data management systems. However, state-of-the-art CBT models do not address the effect of the possible local fork suspension that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Dongfang Zhao

Traditionally, blockchain systems involve sharing transaction information across all blockchain network participants. Clearly, this introduces barriers to the adoption of the technology by the enterprise world, where preserving the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Elli Androulaki , Angelo De Caro , Kaoutar Elkhiyaoui , Christian Gorenflo , Alessandro Sorniotti , Marko Vukolic

The Internet of Things IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and industry, but it still suffers from privacy and security vulnerabilities. Conventional security and privacy approaches tend to be inapplicable for IoT, mainly due…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-19 Ali Dorri , Salil S. Kanhere , Raja Jurdak

Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

Heterogeneous and dynamic IoT environments require a lightweight, scalable, and trustworthy access control system for protection from unauthorized access and for automated detection of compromised nodes. Recent proposals in IoT access…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Guntur Dharma Putra , Volkan Dedeoglu , Salil S. Kanhere , Raja Jurdak

Off-Chain transactions allow for the immediate transfer of Cryptocurrency between two parties, without delays or unavoidable transaction fees. Such capabilities are critical for mainstream Cryptocurrency adaption. They allow for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-14 Leonard Apeltsin

The current landscape of the core Internet technologies shows considerable centralisation with the big tech companies controlling the vast majority of traffic and services. This has sparked a wide range of decentralisation initiatives with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Constantinos Patsakis , Fran Casino , Nikolaos Lykousas , Vasilios Katos

Ring signatures are cryptographic protocols designed to allow any member of a group to produce a signature on behalf of the group, without revealing the individual signer's identity. This offers group members a level of anonymity not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Rebekah Mercer

An accountable algorithmic transparency report (ATR) should ideally investigate the (a) transparency of the underlying algorithm, and (b) fairness of the algorithmic decisions, and at the same time preserve data subjects' privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Chien-Lun Chen , Leana Golubchik , Ranjan Pal

Inspired by Bitcoin, many different kinds of cryptocurrencies based on blockchain technology have turned up on the market. Due to the special structure of the blockchain, it has been deemed impossible to directly trade between traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Hangyu Tian , Kaiping Xue , Shaohua Li , Jie Xu , Jianqing Liu , Jun Zhao

With the use of personal devices connected to the Internet for tasks such as searches and shopping becoming ubiquitous, ensuring the privacy of the users of such services has become a requirement in order to build and maintain customer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Ricardo Silva Carvalho , Theodore Vasiloudis , Oluwaseyi Feyisetan

Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Anonymity networks like Tor significantly enhance online privacy but are vulnerable to correlation attacks by state-level adversaries. While covert channels encapsulated in media protocols, particularly WebRTC-based encapsulation, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Afonso Vilalonga , João S. Resende , Henrique Domingos

BIP70 is the Bitcoin payment protocol for communication between a merchant and a pseudonymous customer. McCorry et al. (FC~2016) showed that BIP70 is prone to refund attacks and proposed a fix that requires the customer to sign their refund…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Sepideh Avizheh , Reihaneh Safavi-Naini , Siamak F. Shahandashti