Related papers: Powers and alternative laws
In the standard arrovian framework and under the assumption that individual preferences and social outcomes are linear orders on the set of alternatives, we study the rules which satisfy suitable symmetries and obey the majority principle.…
The aim of this paper is to explain, mostly through examples, what groupoids are and how they describe symmetry. We will begin with elementary examples, with discrete symmetry, and end with examples in the differentiable setting which…
Let $G$ be an almost simple group. We prove that if $x \in G$ has prime order $p \ge 5$, then there exists an involution $y$ such that $<x,y>$ is not solvable. Also, if $x$ is an involution then there exist three conjugates of $x$ that…
We present an alternative formalism for modeling spin. The ontological elements of this formalism are base-2 sequences of length $n$. The machinery necessary to model physics is then developed by considering correlations between base-2…
In order to better understand the structure of quantum theory, or speculate about theories that may supercede it, it can be helpful to consider alternative physical theories. ``Boxworld'' describes one such theory, in which all…
In this paper a relation between iterated cyclings and iterated powers of elements in a Garside group is shown. This yields a characterization of elements in a Garside group having a rigid power, where 'rigid' means that the left normal…
Let Gamma be a group generated by two positive multi-twists. We give some sufficient conditions for Gamma to be free or have no `unexpectedly reducible' elements. For a group Gamma generated by two Dehn twists, we classify the elements in…
In these notes we investigate the rings of real polynomials in four variables, which are invariant under the action of the reflectiongroups [3,4,3] and [3,3,5]. It is well known that they are rationally generated in degree 2,6,8,12 and…
Let X be an irreducible variety and Bir(X) its group of birational transformations. We show that the group structure of Bir(X) determines whether X is rational and whether X is ruled. Additionally, we prove that any Borel subgroup of Bir(X)…
It is widely believed that special initial conditions must be imposed on any time-symmetric law if its solutions are to exhibit behavior of any kind that defines an `arrow of time'. We show that this is not so. The simplest non-trivial…
Uhlenbeck proved that a set of simple elements generates the group of rational loops in GL(n,C) that satisfy the U(n)-reality condition. For an arbitrary complex reductive group, a choice of representation defines a notion of rationality…
A gyrogroup is a structure constituting from a non-empty set and a binary operation such that satisfying the left identity, and left inverse conditions, and also has the associative-like law said to be left gyroassociativity and left loop…
Groups are usually axiomatized as algebras with an associative binary operation, a two-sided neutral element, and with two-sided inverses. We show in this note that the same simplicity of axioms can be achieved for some of the most…
We prove a general divisibility theorem that implies, e.g., that, in any group, the number of generating pairs (as well as triples, etc.) is a multiple of the order of the commutator subgroup. Another corollary says that, in any associative…
We compute an explicit representation of the (topological) automorphism group or a particular Toeplitz subshift. The automorphism group is a (non-finitely generated) subgroup of rational numbers under addition and the shift map corresponds…
Families of alternating knots (links) and tangles are studied using as building block the conway defined as the twisting of two strands. The regular representation of knots assumes the projection has the minimal number of overpassings, and…
A $2-(n,4,\lambda)$ design $(\Omega, \mathcal{B})$ is said to be supersimple if distinct lines intersect in at most two points. From such a design, one can construct a certain subset of Sym$(\Omega)$ called a "Conway groupoid". The…
Thompson's theorem stated that a finite group $G$ is solvable if and only if every $2$-generated subgroup of $G$ is solvable. In this paper, we prove some new criteria for both solvability and nilpotency of a finite group using certain…
For zero energy, $E=0$, we derive exact, classical solutions for {\em all} power-law potentials, $V(r)=-\gamma/r^\nu$, with $\gamma>0$ and $-\infty <\nu<\infty$. When the angular momentum is non-zero, these solutions lead to the orbits…
We show that a noncommutative dynamical system of the type that occurs in quantum theory can often be associated with a dynamical principle; that is, an infinitesimal structure that completely determines the dynamics. The nature of these…