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The hydrodynamic regime of charge transport has been recently realized in high-quality conductors. In the hydrodynamic as well as in the Ohmic regimes the main part of the Hall resistance of a long sample is determined by the balance…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-15 A. N. Afanasiev , P. S. Alekseev , A. A. Danilenko , A. P. Dmitriev , A. A. Greshnov , M. A. Semina

In novel ultra-pure materials electrons can form a viscous fluid, which is fundamentally different by its dynamics from the electron gas in ordinary conductors with significant density of defects. The shape of the non-stationary flow of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-07-28 A. N. Afanasiev , P. S. Alekseev , A. A. Danilenko , A. A. Greshnov , M. A. Semina

Thanks to electron-electron ($e$-$e$) collisions conserving momentum, metallic electron fluids are viscous. Yet, this viscosity is rarely detectable in bulk transport. Here, we report on the canonical realization of the Gurzhi effect in an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-22 Xiaodong Guo , Xiaokang Li , Benoît Fauqué , Alaska Subedi , Lingxiao Zhao , Zengwei Zhu , Kamran Behnia

We consider a hydrodynamic description of transport for generic two dimensional electron systems that lack Galilean invariance and do not fall into the category of Fermi liquids. We study magnetoresistance and show that it is governed only…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-11-13 Aavishkar A. Patel , Richard A. Davison , Alex Levchenko

We develop a classical kinetic theory of magnetotransport of 2D electrons in narrow channels with partly diffusive boundary scattering and apply it to description of magnetoresistance measured in the temperature interval 4.2-30 K in long…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 O. E. Raichev , G. M. Gusev , A. D. Levin , A. K. Bakarov

Hydrodynamic electrons in high-mobility graphene devices have demonstrated great potential in establishing an electronic analogue of relativistic quantum fluid in solid-state systems. One of the key requirements for observing viscous…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Richa P. Madhogaria , Aniket Majumdar , Nishant Dahma , Pritam Pal , Rishabh Hangal , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Arindam Ghosh

We study Coulomb drag between an active layer with a clean electron liquid and a passive layer with a pinned electron lattice in the regime of fast intralayer equilibration. Such a two-fluid system offers an experimentally realizable way to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-12-17 Tobias Holder

Contrasting with its sluggish behavior on standard solids, water is extremely mobile on superhydrophobic materials, as shown for instance by the continuous acceleration of drops on tilted water-repellent leaves. For much longer substrates,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-09 Timothée Mouterde , Pascal S. Raux , Christophe Clanet , David Quéré

Motivated by experiments on a hydrodynamic regime in electron transport, we study the effect of an oscillating electric field in such a setting. We consider a long two-dimensional channel of width $L$, whose geometrical simplicity allows an…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-02 Roderich Moessner , Piotr Surówka , Piotr Witkowski

Gradients of voltage, pressure, temperature, and salinity can transport objects in micro- and nanofluidic systems by well known mechanisms. Here we report the discovery of a transport effect driven by viscosity gradients, which cause an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-11-20 Benjamin Wiener , Derek Stein

Hydrodynamics is a general description for the flow of a fluid, and is expected to hold even for fundamental particles such as electrons when inter-particle interactions dominate. While various aspects of electron hydrodynamics were…

Hydrodynamics predicts long-lived sound and shear waves. Thermal fluctuations in these waves can lead to the diffusion of momentum density, contributing to the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients. Within viscous hydrodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-04 Pavel Kovtun , Guy D. Moore , Paul Romatschke

Transport of viscous fluid through porous media is a direct consequence of the pore structure. Here we investigate transport through a specific class of two-dimensional porous geometries, namely those formed by fluid-mechanical erosion. We…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-20 Shang-Huan Chiu , M. N. J. Moore , Bryan D. Quaife

Electron transport in suspended and non-suspended GaAs point contacts (PCs) of different widths is experimentally studied. The superballistic contribution to the conductance, that demonstrates a distinctive quadratic dependence on the PC…

We consider the problem of Coulomb drag resistance in bilayers of electron liquids with spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry. In the hydrodynamic regime, the viscosity tensor of such fluids has a nonvanishing odd component. In this…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Dmitry Zverevich , Dmitri B. Gutman , Alex Levchenko

In nanostructures with two-dimensional (2D) electrons and very low defect densities, a hydrodynamic transport regime has recently been realized. In this regime, 2D electrons form a viscous fluid due to frequent electron-electron collisions.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yu. O. Alekseev , P. S. Alekseev , A. P. Dmitriev

The aim of this paper is to calculate the time dependence of the mean position (and orientation) of a fluid particle when a fluid system at thermodynamic equilibrium is submitted to a mechanical action. The starting point of this novel…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-25 Frederic Aitken , Ferdinand Volino

In sufficiently clean materials where electron-electron interactions are strong compared to momentum-relaxing scattering processes, electron transport resembles the flow of a viscous fluid. We study hydrodynamic electron transport across…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Ramal Afrose , Aydin Cem Keser , Oleg Sushkov , Shaffique Adam

It has been established that the Coulomb interactions can transform the electron gas into a viscous fluid. This fluid is realized in a number of platforms, including graphene and two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures. The defining…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Aydin Cem Keser , Oleg Sushkov

When electrons flow as a viscous fluid in anisotropic metals, the reduced symmetry can lead to exotic viscosity tensors with many additional, nonstandard components. We present a viscometry technique that can, in principle, measure the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-10-26 Caleb Q. Cook , Andrew Lucas