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Recent discoveries have revealed exoplanets orbiting young Sun-like stars, offering a window into the early solar system. These young stars frequently produce extreme magnetic explosions known as superflares, roughly once a day, potentially…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Kosuke Namekata

A statistical survey of 26 major electron events during the period 2002 February through the end of solar cycle 23 is presented. We have obtained electron solar onset times and the peak flux spectra for each event by fitting to a powerlaw…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-05-27 C. Li , C. J. Owen , S. A. Matthews , Y. Dai , Y. H. Tang

Temporary enhancements of the coronal emission measure in a quiet region have been shown to constitute a significant energy input. Here some relatively large events are studied for simultaneous brightenings in transition region lines and in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Sam Krucker , Arnold O. Benz

Solar flares are frequently accompanied by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that release significant amount of energetic plasma into interplanetary space, potentially causing geomagnetic disturbances on Earth. However, many solar flares have…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-28 Johan Muhamad , Kanya Kusano

We considered 18 solar flares observed between June 2010 and July 2012, in which high energy >100 MeV {\gamma}-emission was registered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard FermiGRO. We examined for these {\gamma}-events soft X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-02 Alexei Struminsky , Weiqun Gan

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger major solar flares and flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 C. J. Schrijver

Abrupt and permanent changes of photospheric magnetic fields have been observed during solar flares. The changes seem to be linked to the reconfiguration of magnetic fields, but their origin is still unclear. We carried out a statistical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-17 J. S. Castellanos Durán , L. Kleint , B. Calvo-Mozo

We study event-to-event variations in the abundance enhancements of the elements He through Pb for Fe-rich impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events, and their relationship with properties of associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs)…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-06 Donald V. Reames , Edward W. Cliver , Stephen W. Kahler

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are one of the most crucial aspects of space weather. Their prediction depends on various factors including the source solar eruptions such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The Geostationary…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-16 Sumanth A. Rotti , Petrus C. Martens

In this paper, we perform a follow-up investigation of the solar eruption originating from active region (AR) 13575 on 2024 February 9. The primary eruption of a hot channel (HC) generates an X3.4 class flare, a full-halo coronal mass…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-03 Shu-Yue Li , Qing-Min Zhang , Bei-Li Ying , Li Feng , Ying-Na Su , Mu-Sheng Lin. Yan-Jie Zhang

Young solar-type stars frequently produce superflares, serving as a unique window into the young Sun-Earth environments. Large solar flares are closely linked to coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with filament/prominence eruptions,…

The type III observations trace the propagation of energetic electron populations through the Solar Corona which, more often than not, precede or are associated with energy release on the Sun. A sample of Type III bursts in the range 20-650…

The observations of magnetic field variations as a signature of flaring activity is one of the main goal in solar physics. Some efforts in the past give apparently no unambiguous observations of changes. We observed that the scaling laws of…

Most flares on the Sun occur at random, but there is a small percentage of "sympathetic flaring" -- the triggering of one flare by another. Previously there had been no widespread confirmation of sympathetic flares on other stars. In this…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 Veronica Pratt , Jason R. Reeves , David V. Martin , Andy B. Zhang , Andrew Korkus , S. Edelman

Among the eruptive activity phenomena observed on the Sun, the most technology threatening ones are flares with associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs). Flares with associated CMEs and SEPs are produced…

We analyse the 30 October, 2004, X1.2/SF solar event that occurred in AR 10691 (N13 W18) at around 11:44 UT. Observations at 212 and 405 GHz of the Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), with high time resolution (5 ms), show an intense…

Improving predictions of the geomagnetic impact of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) requires understanding how solar source properties relate to in-situ measurements at Earth. However, major geomagnetic storms frequently arise from interacting…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Rui Wang , Huidong Hu , Xiaowei Zhao , Chong Chen , Suli Ma , Zhongwei Yang , Lei Lu , Li Feng , Wenshuai Cheng , Chong Huang , Quan Wang , Xiaoshuai Zhu , Bei Zhu , Yiming Jiao

Solar flare X-ray emission results from rapidly increasing temperatures and emission measures in flaring active region loops. To date, observations from the X-Ray Sensor (XRS) onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-07 Daniel F. Ryan , Ryan O. Milligan , Peter T. Gallagher , Brian R. Dennis , A. Kim Tolbert , Richard A. Schwartz , C. Alex Young

Plasma with a temperature close to the chromospheric one is ejected in solar eruptions. Such plasma can occult some part of emission of compact sources in active regions as well as quiet solar areas. Absorption phenomena can be observed in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 V. V. Grechnev , I. V. Kuzmenko , I. M. Chertok , A. M. Uralov