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We analyse Join-the-Shortest-Queue in a contemporary scaling regime known as the Non-Degenerate Slowdown regime. Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) is a classical load balancing policy for queueing systems with multiple parallel servers.…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Varun Gupta , Neil Walton

The Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) policy is among the most widely used load balancing algorithms and has been extensively studied. However, an exact characterization of the system behavior remains challenging. Most prior research has…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Yuanzhe Ma , Siva Theja Maguluri

The Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) load balancing scheme is known to minimise the average response time of jobs in homogeneous systems with identical servers. However, for {\em heterogeneous} systems with servers having different processing…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Sanidhay Bhambay , Burak Büke , Arpan Mukhopadhyay

The fundamental problem in the study of parallel-server systems is that of finding and analyzing `good' routing policies of arriving jobs to the servers. It is well known that, if full information regarding the workload process is available…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-24 Pascal Moyal , Ohad Perry

Consider a system with $K$ parallel queues in which the server for each queue processes jobs at rate $n$ and the total arrival rate to the system is $nK-\upsilon \sqrt{n}$ where $\upsilon \in (0, \infty)$ and $n$ is large. We study…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Sayan Banerjee , Amarjit Budhiraja , Benjamin Estevez

We study load balancing for a queueing system where parallel stations are distant from customers. In the presence of traveling delays, the join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ) policy induces queue length oscillations and prolongs the mean waiting…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Shuangchi He , Yunfang Yang , Yao Yu

We consider a system of $N$ parallel queues with identical exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process. When a task arrives, the dispatcher always assigns it to an idle server, if there is any,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-14 D. Mukherjee , S. C. Borst , J. S. H. van Leeuwaarden , P. A. Whiting

Recent workload measurements in Google data centers provide an opportunity to challenge existing models and, more broadly, to enhance the understanding of dispatching policies in computing clusters. Through extensive data-driven…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Mert Yildiz , Alexey Rolich , Andrea Baiocchi

We study the load balancing system operating under Join the Shortest Queue (JSQ) in the many-server heavy-traffic regime. If $N$ is the number of servers, we let the difference between the total service rate and the total arrival rate be…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-08-25 Daniela Hurtado-Lange , Siva Theja Maguluri

Join the shortest queue (JSQ) refers to networks whose incoming jobs are assigned to the shortest queue from among a randomly chosen subset of the queues in the system. After completion of service at the queue, a job leaves the network. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-11 Maury Bramson

This paper investigates a partially observable queueing system with $N$ nodes in which each node has a dedicated arrival stream. There is an extra arrival stream to balance the load of the system by routing its customers to the shortest…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Qihui Bu , Liwei Liu , Jiashan Tang , Yiqiang Q. Zhao

We show that the steady-state distribution of the join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ) system converges, in the Halfin-Whitt regime, to its diffusion limit at a rate of at least $1/\sqrt{n}$, where $n$ is the number of servers. Our proof uses…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Anton Braverman

We study the steady-state delay performance of load balancing in large-scale systems with heterogeneous servers in the heavy-traffic regimes. The system consists of $N$ servers, each with a local buffer of size $b-1$, serving jobs in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Xin Liu , Lei Ying

We introduce the \textit{generalized join the shortest queue model with retrials} and two infinite capacity orbit queues. Three independent Poisson streams of jobs, namely a \textit{smart}, and two \textit{dedicated} streams, flow into a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Ioannis Dimitriou

We study large-scale systems operating under the JSQ$(d)$ policy in the presence of stringent task-server compatibility constraints. Consider a system with $N$ identical single-server queues and $M(N)$ task types, where each server is able…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Daan Rutten , Debankur Mukherjee

Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) is the scheduling policy of choice for many network providers, cloud servers and traffic management systems, where individual queues are served under processor sharing (PS) queueing discipline. A numerical…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Julianna Bor , Peter G Harrison

In parallel-server systems with a single stream of arrivals (a.k.a. load balancing), Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) is a popular routing algorithm. There is extensive literature studying this system in various asymptotic regimes, but all…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Daniela Hurtado-Lange , Izzy Grosof

As job redundancy has been recognized as an effective means to improve performance of large-scale computer systems, queueing systems with redundancy have been studied by various authors. Existing results include methods to compute the queue…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Nicolas Gast , Benny van Houdt

Join-the-shortest queue (JSQ) and its variants have often been used in solving load balancing problems. The aim of such policies is to minimize the average system occupation, e.g., the customer's system time. In this work we extend the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Andrea Fox , Francesco De Pellegrini , Eitan Altman , Arnob Ghosh , Ness Shroff

We consider processing networks where multiple dispatchers are connected to single-server queues by a bipartite compatibility graph, modeling constraints that are common in data centers and cloud networks due to geographic reasons or data…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Diego Goldsztajn , Andres Ferragut
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