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We study sums of a random multiplicative function; this is an example, of number-theoretic interest, of sums of products of independent random variables (chaoses). Using martingale methods, we establish a normal approximation for the sum…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-12-02 Adam J. Harper

Let $\Lambda = \mathrm{SL}_2(\Bbb Z)$ be the modular group and let $c_n(\Lambda)$ be the number of congruence subgroups of $\Lambda$ of index at most $n$. We prove that $\lim\limits_{n\to \infty} \frac{\log c_n(\Lambda)}{(\log n)^2/\log\log…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-10 D. Goldfeld , A. Lubotzky , N. Nikolov , L. Pyber

We introduce a refinement of the classical Liouville function to primes in arithmetic progressions. Using this, we discover new biases in the appearances of primes in a given arithmetic progression in the prime factorizations of integers.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-24 Peter Humphries , Snehal M. Shekatkar , Tian An Wong

We prove the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture for sequences of subquadratic word growth. In particular, we show that the Liouville function has at least quadratically many sign patterns. We deduce the main theorem from a variant which bounds…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Redmond McNamara

Let $\lambda_{\phi}(n)$ be the Fourier coefficients of a Hecke holomorphic or Hecke--Maass cusp form on ${\rm SL}_2(\mathbb Z)$, and $f$ be any multiplicative function that satisfies two mild hypotheses. We establish a non-trivial upper…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-19 Yujiao Jiang , Guangshi Lü

Let $\lambda$ and $\mu$ denote the Liouville and M\"obius functions respectively. Hildebrand showed that all eight possible sign patterns for $(\lambda(n), \lambda(n+1), \lambda(n+2))$ occur infinitely often. By using the recent result of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-24 Kaisa Matomäki , Maksym Radziwiłł , Terence Tao

Let $\Lambda$ be the von Mangoldt function and $r_{Q}\left(n\right)=\sum_{m_{1}+m_{2}^{2}+m_{3}^{2}=n}\Lambda\left(m_{1}\right)$ be the counting function for the numbers that can be written as sum of a prime and two squares (that we will…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-24 Marco Cantarini

We show that a certain weighted mean of the Liouville function lambda(n) is negative. In this sense, we can say that the Liouville function is negative "on average".

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-04-30 Richard P. Brent , Jan van de Lune

In this paper, we establish some nontrivial and effective upper bounds for the least common multiple of consecutive terms of a finite arithmetic progression. Precisely, we prove that for any two coprime positive integers $a$ and $b$, with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-17 Sid Ali Bousla

Let $\eta_{1},\eta_2,...$ be independent (not necessarily identically distributed) zero-mean random variables (r.v.'s) such that $|\eta_i|\le1$ almost surely for all $i$, and let $Z$ stand for a standard normal r.v. Let $a_1,a_2,...$ be any…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-17 Iosif Pinelis

We study the prime pair counting functions $\pi_{2k}(x),$ and their averages over $2k.$ We show that good results can be achieved with relatively little effort by considering averages. We prove an asymptotic relation for longer averages of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Jori Merikoski

Fix an irrational number $\alpha$, and consider a random walk on the circle in which at each step one moves to $x+\alpha$ or $x-\alpha$ with probabilities $1/2, 1/2$ provided the current position is $x$. If an observable is given we can…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Klaudiusz Czudek

We first study the mean value of certain restricted divisor sums involving the Chowla-Walum sums, improving in particular a recent estimate given by Iannucci. The aim of the second part of this work is the generalization of the previous…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-01 Olivier Bordellès

We prove that analogues of the Hardy-Littlewood generalised twin prime conjecture for almost primes hold on average. Our main theorem establishes an asymptotic formula for the number of integers $n=p_1p_2 \leq X$ such that $n+h$ is a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-20 Natalie Evans

The objective of this paper is to obtain asymptotic results for shifted sums of multiplicative functions of the form $g \ast 1$, where the function $g$ satisfies the Ramanujan conjecture and has conjectured upper bounds on square moments of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Jiseong Kim

Tur\'an observed that logarithmic partial sums $\sum_{n\le x}\frac{f(n)}{n}$ of completely multiplicative functions (in the particular case of the Liouville function $f(n)=\lambda(n)$) tend to be positive. We develop a general approach to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Bryce Kerr , Oleksiy Klurman

We study global convex solutions of the Monge-Amp\`ere equation \[ \det D^2 u = \mu \quad \text{in } \mathbb{R}^n, \] where $\mu \not\equiv 0$ is a nonnegative locally finite periodic Borel measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Tianling Jin , YanYan Li , Hung V. Tran , Xushan Tu

We study the distribution of partial sums of Rademacher random multiplicative functions $(f(n))_n$ evaluated at polynomial arguments. We show that for a polynomial $P\in \mathbb Z[x]$ that is a product of at least two distinct linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Jake Chinis , Besfort Shala

Let $a>1$ be an integer. Denote by $l_a(n)$ the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo integer $n\geq 1$. We prove that there is a positive constant $\delta$ such that if $x^{1-\delta}\log^3 x = o(y)$, then $$ \frac1y \sum_{a<y} \frac1x…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-20 Sungjin Kim

This paper investigates the analytic properties of the Liouville function's Dirichlet series that obtains from the function F(s)= zeta(2s)/zeta(s), where s is a complex variable and zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function. The paper employs a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-10-10 K. Eswaran