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How structures, e.g., magnetic loops, in the upper atmosphere, i.e., the transition region and corona, are heated and sustained is one of the major unresolved issues in solar and stellar physics. Various theoretical and observational…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 Leping Li , Hui Tian , Huadong Chen , Hongqiang Song , Zhenyong Hou , Xianyong Bai , Kaifan Ji , Yuanyong Deng

The content of hot material in the corona is not constant. Soft X-ray and high-temperature EUV line observations show that new material, apparently heated and evaporated from the chromosphere, is frequently injected into the corona both in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Arnold O. Benz , Paolo C. Grigis

We study the temporal evolution of coronal loops using data from the Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) on board of GOES-12. This instrument allows us to follow in detail the full lifetime of coronal loops. The observed light curves suggest three…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 M. C. Lopez Fuentes , J. A. Klimchuk , C. H. Mandrini

All theories that attempt to explain the heating of the high temperature plasma observed in the solar corona are based on short bursts of energy. The intensities and velocities measured in the cores of quiescent active regions, however, can…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Fana M. Mulu-Moore , Amy R. Winebarger , Harry P. Warren

To understand the mechanism of coronal heating, it is crucial to derive the contribution of small-scale flares, the so-called nanoflares, to the heating up of the solar corona. To date, several studies have tried to derive the occurrence…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-06 Toshiki Kawai , Shinsuke Imada

The quiet solar corona consists of myriads of loop-like features, with magnetic fields originating from network and internetwork regions on the solar surface. The continuous interaction between these different magnetic patches leads to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-13 L. P. Chitta , H. Peter , P. R. Young

The High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) has provided Fe XII 193A images of the upper transition region moss at an unprecedented spatial (~0.3-0.4 arcsec) and temporal (5.5s) resolution. The Hi-C observations show in some moss regions…

The nature and detailed properties of the heating of the million-degree solar corona are important issues that are still largely unresolved. Nanoflare heating might be dominant in active regions and quiet Sun, although direct signatures of…

The heating of the solar corona and the puzzle of the slender high reaching magnetic loops seen in observations from the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer(TRACE) has been investigated through 3D numerical simulations, and found to be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Boris V. Gudiksen , Aake Nordlund

Nanoflares are impulsive energy releases by magnetic reconnection in the braided coronal magnetic field, which is a potential mechanism for heating the corona. However, there are still sporadic observations of the interchange of braiding…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-01 Y. Bi , J. J. Yang , Y. Qin , Z. P. Qiang , J. C. Hong , B. Yang , Z. Xu , H. Liu , K. F. Ji

We present a detailed analysis of a reflecting intensity perturbation in a large coronal loop that appeared as sloshing oscillation and lasted for at least one and a half periods. The perturbation is initiated by a microflare at one…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 Fanxiaoyu Xia , Tongjiang Wang , Yang Su , Jie Zhao , Qingmin Zhang , Astrid M. Veronig , Weiqun Gan

Coronal loops form the basic building blocks of the magnetically closed solar corona yet much is still to be determined concerning their possible fine-scale structuring and the rate of heat deposition within them. Using an improved…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Thomas Williams , Robert W. Walsh , Stephane Regnier , Craig D. Johnston

Nanoflares in quiet-Sun regions during solar cycle 24 are studied with the best available plasma diagnostics to derive their energy distribution and contribution to coronal heating during different levels of solar activity. Extreme…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Stefan Purkhart , Astrid M. Veronig

The energy input into the lower solar corona by flare evaporation events has been modeled according to the available observations for quiet regions. The question is addressed whether such heating events can provide the observed average…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 U. Mitra-Kraev , A. O. Benz

Loop-aligned hydrodynamic modelings help better understand the thermodynamic evolution of flaring plasma confined in solar flare loops. Conventional loop modelings typically assume a uniform loop cross section. With a variation of the cross…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-24 Yu Dai , Shihan Li , Wenlong Tang , Zhen Li , Mingde Ding

EUV observations of warm coronal loops suggest that they are bundles of unresolved strands that are heated impulsively to high temperatures by nanoflares. The plasma would then have the observed properties (e.g., excess density compared to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 S. Patsourakos , J. A. Klimchuk

The evolution of a coronal loop is studied by means of numerical simulations of the fully compressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations using the HYPERION code. The footpoints of the loop magnetic field are advected by random…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-22 R. B. Dahlburg , G. Einaudi , B. D. Taylor , I. Ugarte-Urra , H. P. Warren , A. F. Rappazzo , M. Velli

The Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) and the Hinode/ EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) observed AR 11726 on 2013 April 23. We present intensity images in numerous atomic lines constructed from these observations. These…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-03 Joel Allred , Adrian Daw , Jeffrey Brosius

We model the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma confined in a coronal loop, 30000 km long, subject to the heating of nanoflares due to intermittent magnetic dissipative events in the MHD turbulence produced by loop footpoint motions. We…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. Reale , G. Nigro , F. Malara , G. Peres , P. Veltri

It is extremely difficult to simulate the details of coronal heating and also make meaningful predictions of the emitted radiation. Thus, testing realistic models with observations is a major challenge. Observational signatures of coronal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-02 James A. Klimchuk , Kalman J. Knizhnik , Vadim M. Uritsky