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A well known theorem of Lagrange states that the simple continued fraction of a real number $\alpha$ is periodic if and only if $\alpha$ is a quadratic irrational. We examine non-periodic and non-simple continued fractions formed by two…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Michael Obiero Oyengo

We investigate a collection of orthonormal functions that encodes information about the continued fraction expansion of real numbers. When suitably ordered these functions form a complete system of martingale differences and are a special…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-07-01 Alan K. Haynes , Jeffrey D. Vaaler

Let x be a quadratic irrational and let P be the set of prime numbers. We show the existence of an infinite subset S of P such that the statistics of the period of the continued fraction expansions along the sequence {px: p\in S} approach…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Menny Aka

Continued fractions have a long history in number theory, especially in the area of Diophantine approximation. The aim of this expository paper is to survey the main results on the theory of $p$--adic continued fractions, i.e. continued…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Giuliano Romeo

We build, for real quadratic fields, infinitely many periodic continuous fractions uniformly bounded, with a seemingly better bound than the known ones. We do that using continuous fraction expansions with the same shape as those of real…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Paul Mercat

Let $p$ be a prime number and $K$ be a field with embeddings into $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{Q}_p$. We propose an algorithm that generates continued fraction expansions converging in $\mathbb{Q}_p$ and is expected to simultaneously converge…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Shin-ichi Yasutomi

In this paper we define "a continued fraction expansion of the exponential integral $E_{1}(x)$ at infinity", which is analogous to the regular continued fraction expansion of real numbers, and prove that this expansion gives the same…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-03 Naoki Murabayashi , Hayato Yoshida

We prove that the statistics of the period of the continued fraction expansion of certain sequences of quadratic irrationals from a fixed quadratic field approach the `normal' statistics given by the Gauss-Kuzmin measure. As a by-product,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-02-22 Menny Aka , Uri Shapira

We prove a quantitative distortion theorem for iterated function systems that generate sets of continued fractions. As a consequence, we obtain upper and lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of any set of real or complex continued…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Daniel Ingebretson

This paper investigates integer multiplication of continued fractions using geometric structures. In particular, this paper shows that integer multiplication of a continued fraction can be represented by replacing one triangulation of an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-28 J. Blackman

Many generalizations of continued fractions, where the reciprocal function has been replaced by a more general function, have been studied, and it is often asked whether such generalized expansions can have nice properties. For instance, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Greg Martin

We look at a class of transcendental real numbers xi which, together with their square, satisfy some extremal property of simultaneous approximation by rational numbers with the same denominator. We give a sufficient condition for such a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-07 Damien Roy

In this paper, we clarified the relationship between continued fractions, determinants, and identities, making it easier to apply these methods systematically in other settings. In particular, we studied finite continued fractions from the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Nikita Kalinin , Takao Komatsu

We show that the statistics of the continued fraction expansion of a randomly chosen rational in the unit interval, with a fixed large denominator $q$, approaches the Gauss-Kuzmin statistics with polynomial rate in $q$. This improves on…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Ofir David , Taehyeong Kim , Ron Mor , Uri Shapira

We generalise remarks of Euler and of Perron by explaining how to detail all quadratic irrational integers for which the symmetric part of the period of their continued fraction expansion commences with prescribed partial quotients. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alfred J. van der Poorten

Symmetrical subdivisions in the space of Jager Pairs for continued fractions-like expansions will provide us with bounds on their difference. Results will also apply to the classical regular and backwards continued fractions expansions,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-29 Avraham Bourla

The presence of large partial quotients can invalidate many classical limit theorems in the metric theory of continued fractions. A commonly employed strategy to overcome this problem is to discard the largest partial quotient when…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Qian Xiao

In this paper we define a new type of continued fraction expansion for a real number $x \in I_m:=[0,m-1], m\in N_+, m\geq 2$: \[x = \frac{m^{-b_1(x)}}{\displaystyle 1+\frac{m^{-b_2(x)}}{1+\ddots}}:=[b_1(x), b_2(x), ...]_m. \] Then, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-22 Dan Lascu , Ion Coltescu

Continued fractions have been generalized over the field of $p$-adic numbers, where it is still not known an analogue of the famous Lagrange's Theorem. In general, the periodicity of $p$-adic continued fractions is well studied and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-26 Giuliano Romeo

We introduce and study in detail a special class of backward continued fractions that represents a generalization of R\'enyi continued fractions. We investigate the main metrical properties of the digits occurring in these expansions and we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-25 Gabriela Ileana Sebe , Dan Lascu