Related papers: Energetic Particle Pressure at Interplanetary Shoc…

During the propagation of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), evolution of the ICME-driven shock along with interactions with other solar wind structures, planetary bodies, and general changes to their morphology can alter…

The Sun drives a supersonic wind which inflates a giant plasma bubble in our very local interstellar neighborhood, the heliosphere. It is bathed in an extremely variable background of energetic ions and electrons which originate from a…

We investigated 64 pairs of interacting-CME events identified by the simultaneous observations of SOHO and STEREO spacecraft from 2010 January to 2014 August, to examine the relationship between the large SEP events in the energy of…

Context. Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are detected in interplanetary space in association with solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The magnetic connection between the observing spacecraft and the solar active region (AR)…

The nature of particle acceleration at the Sun, whether through flare reconnection processes or through shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is still under scrutiny despite decades of research. The measured properties of solar…

This paper investigates the onset time of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with numerical simulations, and analyses the accuracy of the Velocity Dispersion Analysis (VDA) method. Using a 3-dimensional focused transport model, we…

On 2019 May 6, the Lunar Lander Neutron & Dosimetry (LND) Experiment on board the Chang'E-4 on the far-side of the Moon detected its first small solar energetic particle (SEP) event with proton energies up to 21MeV. Combined proton energy…

Cosmic rays and solar energetic particles may be accelerated to relativistic energies by shock waves in astrophysical plasmas. On the Sun, shocks and particle acceleration are often associated with the eruption of magnetized plasmoids,…

We calculate the interplanetary magnetic field path lengths traveled by electrons in solar electron events detected by the WIND 3DP instrument from $1994$ to $2016$. The velocity dispersion analysis method is applied for electrons at…

We report for several solar energetic particle events intensity and anisotropy measurements of energetic electrons in the energy range ~ 27 to ~ 500 keV as observed with the Wind and ACE spacecraft in June 2000. The observations onboard…

This paper updates the influence of environmental and source factors of shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that are likely to influence the solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The intensity variation due to CME interaction…

The steep power-law dependence of element abundance enhancements on the mass-to-charge ratios [A/Q] of the ions in impulsive solar energetic-particle (SEP) events causes these enhancements to reflect the temperature-dependent pattern of Q…

Using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations at the Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock we demonstrate that electrons are heated by two different mechanisms: a quasi-adiabatic heating process during magnetic field compression,…

The formation of collisionless shock fronts is an ubiquitous phenomenon in space plasma environments. In the solar wind shocks might accompany coronal mass ejections, while even more violent events, such as supernovae, produce shock fronts…

We use large hybrid (kinetic protons-fluid electrons) simulations to investigate the transport of energetic particles in self-consistent electromagnetic configurations of collisionless shocks. In previous papers of this series, we showed…

According to the solar protons' data observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and neutron monitors on the ground of the Earth, and near-relativistic electrons data measured by the ACE spacecraft, the onset times…

Particle acceleration at plasma shocks appears to be ubiquitous in the universe, spanning systems in the heliosphere, supernova remnants, and relativistic jets in distant active galaxies and gamma-ray bursts. This review addresses some of…

Identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic ray protons (CRs) with energies up to a few PeV ($10^{15}$ eV) remains a theoretical and observational challenge. Supernova remnants (SNRs) represent strong candidates, as they provide…

An important aspect of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is their source populations. Elemental abundance enhancements of impulsive SEP events, originating in presumed coronal reconnection episodes, can be fitted to steep power laws of…

Discovered more than 40 years ago, impulsive solar energetic particle (SEP) events are still poorly understood. The enormous abundance enhancement of the rare 3He isotope is the most striking feature of these events, though large…