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In this paper we dwell over the study of the boundary layer problem in a hydrodynamical description of the electrons in gated graphene. It has been verified experimentally that this fluid can display non-Poiseuille like flow as reproduced…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-06-28 Pedro Cosme , João S. Santos , Hugo Terças

Systems in which interparticle interactions prevail can be described by hydrodynamics. This regime is typically difficult to access in the solid state for electrons. However, the high purity of encapsulated graphene combined with its…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Johannes Geurs , Youngwook Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Pilkyung Moon , Jurgen H. Smet

A stochastic nonlinear electrical characteristic of graphene is reported. Abrupt current changes are observed from voltage sweeps between the source and drain with an on/off ratio up to 10^(3). It is found that graphene channel experience…

The experimental availability of ultra-high-mobility samples of graphene opens the possibility to realize and study experimentally the "hydrodynamic" regime of the electron liquid. In this regime the rate of electron-electron collisions is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-06-22 Alessandro Principi , Giovanni Vignale

Theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that electrons in condensed matter can behave hydrodynamically, exhibiting fluid phenomena such as Stokes flow and vortices. Unlike classical fluids, preferred directions inside crystals…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-24 Georgios Varnavides , Adam S. Jermyn , Polina Anikeeva , Claudia Felser , Prineha Narang

We probe the local inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of graphene at the nanoscale using scanning probe microscopy techniques. First, we focus on the study of the electronic inhomogeneities caused by the graphene-substrate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-10-16 A. Castellanos-Gomez , Arramel , M. Wojtaszek , R. H. M. Smit , N. Tombros , N. Agraït , B. J. van Wees , G. Rubio-Bollinger

The present work comprehensively reviews electron hydrodynamics in graphene, highlighting both experimental observations and theoretical developments. Key experimental signatures such as negative vicinity resistance, Poiseuille flow, and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Subhalaxmi Nayak , Cho Win Aung , Thandar Zaw Win , Ashutosh Dwibedi , Sabyasachi Ghosh , Sesha Vempati

The viscosity of nanoparticle suspensions is always expected to increase with particle concentration. However, a growing body of experiments on suspensions of atomically thin nanomaterials such as graphene contradicts this expectation. Some…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-24 Adyant Agrawal , Catherine Kamal , Simon Gravelle , Lorenzo Botto

We consider hydrodynamic electron transport in the Hall-bar geometry. The theory is developed for systems with non-Galilean-invariant electron liquids. We show that inhomogeneity of the electron density induced by long-range disorder and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-04-27 Songci Li , A. V. Andreev , Alex Levchenko

The spatial distributions of the valence-electron density and the total energy reliefs for water (or methanol) migration on the free surface of graphene are obtained, by using the electron density functional and ab initio pseudopotential…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-11-30 A. G. Barylka , R. M. Balabai

Hydrodynamic flow of charge carriers in graphene is an energy flow unlike the usual mass flow in conventional fluids. In neutral graphene, the energy flow is decoupled from the electric current, making it difficult to observe the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-08-26 B. N. Narozhny , I. V. Gornyi , M. Titov

Motivated by recent experimental progress in preparing encapsulated graphene sheets with ultra-high mobilities up to room temperature, we present a theoretical study of dc transport in doped graphene in the hydrodynamic regime. By using the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Iacopo Torre , Andrea Tomadin , Andre K. Geim , Marco Polini

Electrons behave like a classical fluid with a momentum distribution function that varies slowly in space and time when the quantum mechanical carrier-carrier scattering dominates over all other scattering processes. Recent experiments in…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-05-07 Derek Y. H. Ho , Indra Yudhistira , Nilotpal Chakraborty , Shaffique Adam

Doped graphene sheets are pseudochiral two-dimensional Fermi liquids with abnormal electron-electron interaction physics. We address graphene's Fermi liquid properties quantitatively using a microscopic random-phase-approximation theory and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Marco Polini , Reza Asgari , Yafis Barlas , T. Pereg-Barnea , A. H. MacDonald

In graphene, where the electron-electron scattering is dominant, electrons collectively act as a fluid. This hydrodynamic behaviour of charge carriers leads to exciting nonlinear phenomena such as solitary waves and shocks, among others. In…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Pedro Cosme , Hugo Terças

The hydrodynamic behavior of electron fluids in a certain range of temperatures and densities is well established in graphene and in 2D semiconductor heterostructures. The hydrodynamic regime is intrinsically based on electron-electron…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Jack N. Engdahl , Aydin Cem Keser , Oleg P. Sushkov

Molecular dynamics simulation is utilized to investigate the ionic transport of NaCl in solution through a graphene nanopore under an applied electric field. Results show the formation of concentration polarization layers in the vicinity of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2013-01-10 Guohui Hu , Mao Mao , Sandip Ghosal

Graphene-water interaction has been under scrutiny ever since graphene discovery and realization of its exceptional properties. Several computational and experimental reports exist that have tried to look into the interactions involved,…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-19 Priyanka Solanky , Vidushi Sharma , Kamalika Ghatak , Jatin Kashyap , Dibakar Datta

Based on the recently developed picture of an electronic ideal relativistic fluid at the Dirac point, we present an analytical model for the conductivity in graphene that is able to describe the linear dependence on the carrier density and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-01-16 M. Mendoza , H. J. Herrmann , S. Succi

The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in hydrodynamic effects in interacting electron systems in ultra-pure materials. One such material, graphene, is not only an excellent platform for the experimental realization of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-07-21 Boris N. Narozhny