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Computer aided formative assessment can be used to enhance a learning process, for instance by providing feedback. There are many design choices for delivering feedback, that lead to a feedback strategy. In an informative feedback strategy,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Gerben van der Hoek , Bastiaan Heeren , Rogier Bos , Paul Drijvers , Johan Jeuring

Generative AI and large language models hold great promise in enhancing programming education by automatically generating individualized feedback for students. We investigate the role of generative AI models in providing human tutor-style…

Artificial students -- models that simulate how learners act and respond within educational systems -- are a promising tool for evaluating tutoring strategies and feedback mechanisms at scale. However, most existing approaches rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Charles Koutcheme , Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become part of how students solve programming tasks, offering immediate explanations and even full solutions. Previous work has highlighted that novice programmers often heavily rely on LLMs, thereby…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Iris Groher , Patrick Heissenberger , Michael Vierhauser

Automatic assessment of code, in particular to support education, is an important feature included in several Learning Management Systems (LMS), at least to some extent. Several kinds of assessments can be designed, such as exercises asking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Sébastien Combéfis , Guillaume de Moffarts

Generative AI (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT now provide novice programmers with instant, personalized support and are reshaping computing education. While a growing body of work examines AI's immediate impacts, longitudinal evidence remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Boxuan Ma , Huiyong Li , Gen Li , Li Chen , Cheng Tang , Atsushi Shimada , Shin'ichi Konomi

Generative AI is transforming computing education by enabling the automatic generation of personalized content and feedback. We investigate its capabilities in providing high-quality programming tasks to students. Despite promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Manh Hung Nguyen , Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Alkis Gotovos , Sebastian Tschiatschek , Adish Singla

In courses that involve programming assignments, giving meaningful feedback to students is an important challenge. Human beings can give useful feedback by manually grading the programs but this is a time-consuming, labor intensive, and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Joshua Clune , Vijay Ramamurthy , Ruben Martins , Umut A. Acar

Generative artificial intelligence poses new challenges around assessment, increasingly driving introductory programming educators to employ invigilated exams. But exams do not afford more authentic programming experiences that involve…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Suhas Kannam , Yuri Yang , Aarya Dharm , Kevin Lin

This study addresses challenges in traditional assignment submission methods used in higher education by introducing and evaluating a customized Git-based submission system. Employing iterative software development and user-centered design…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Ololade Babatunde , Tomisin Ayodabo , Raqibul Raqibul

Code-generating Artificial Intelligence has gained popularity within both professional and educational programming settings over the past several years. While research and pedagogy are beginning to cope with this change, computing students…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nicholas Gardella , James Prather , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Raymond Pettit , Sara L. Riggs

Programming environments such as Snap, Scratch, and Processing engage learners by allowing them to create programming artifacts such as apps and games, with visual and interactive output. Learning programming with such a media-focused…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Wengran Wang , Chenhao Zhang , Andreas Stahlbauer , Gordon Fraser , Thomas Price

In mathematical proof education, there remains a need for interventions that help students learn to write mathematical proofs. Research has shown that timely feedback can be very helpful to students learning new skills. While for many years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chenyan Zhao , Mariana Silva , Seth Poulsen

Timely formative feedback is considered as one of the most important drivers for effective learning. Delivering timely and individualized feedback is particularly challenging in large classes in higher education. Recently Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Imen Azaiz , Oliver Deckarm , Sven Strickroth

The growing need for automated and personalized feedback in programming education has led to recent interest in leveraging generative AI for feedback generation. However, current approaches tend to rely on prompt engineering techniques in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Victor-Alexandru Pădurean , Tung Phung , Nachiket Kotalwar , Michael Liut , Juho Leinonen , Paul Denny , Adish Singla

The potential of Generative AI (GenAI) for generating feedback in computing education has been the subject of numerous studies. However, there is still limited research on how computing students engage with this feedback and to what extent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Sven Jacobs , Maurice Kempf , Natalie Kiesler

Spreadsheets are one of the most widely used tools for end users. As a result, spreadsheets such as Excel are now included in many curricula. However, digital solutions for assessing spreadsheet assignments are still scarce in the teaching…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Sören Aguirre Reid , Frank Kammer , Jonas-Ian Kuche , Pia-Doreen Ritzke , Markus Siepermann , Max Stephan , Armin Wagenknecht

Producing high-quality code is essential as it makes a codebase more maintainable, reducing the cost and effort associated with a project. However, students learning to program are often given short, automatically graded programming tasks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Etienne Naude , Paul Denny , Andrew Luxton-Reilly

Unit testing is a stage of testing where the smallest segment of code that can be tested in isolation from the rest of the system - often a class - is tested. Unit tests are typically written as executable code, often in a format provided…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Robert Feldt

This study aims to develop an adaptive learning platform that leverages generative AI to automate assessment creation and feedback delivery. The platform provides self-correcting tests and personalised feedback that adapts to each learners…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Riya Gill , Ievgeniia Kuzminykh , Maher Salem , Bogdan Ghita