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This paper deals with the detection and prediction of losses due to cyber attacks waged on vital networks. The accumulation of losses to a network during a series of attacks is modeled by a 2-dimensional monotone random walk process as…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-23 Jewgeni H. Dshalalow , Ryan T. White

Cascading failures represent a fundamental threat to the integrity of complex systems, often precipitating a comprehensive collapse across diverse infrastructures and financial networks. This research articulates a robust and pragmatic…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-06-28 Karan Singh , V. K. Chandrasekar , D. V. Senthilkumar

Many systems such as critical infrastructure exhibit a modular structure with many links within the modules and few links between them. One approach to increase the robustness of these systems is to reinforce a fraction of the nodes in each…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-11 Yael Kfir-Cohen , Dana Vaknin , Shlomo Havlin

Many infrastructure networks have a modular structure and are also interdependent. While significant research has explored the resilience of interdependent networks, there has been no analysis of the effects of modularity. Here we develop a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-01-20 Louis Shekhtman , Saray Shai , Shlomo Havlin

The capability of a network to cope with threats and survive attacks is referred to as its robustness. This paper discusses one kind of robustness, commonly denoted structural robustness, which increases when the spectral radius of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Silvia Noschese , Lothar Reichel

The coexistence of multiple types of interactions within social, technological and biological networks has moved the focus of the physics of complex systems towards a multiplex description of the interactions between their constituents.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-09 Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes , Manlio De Domenico , Gerardo Gutiérrez , Alex Arenas , Sergio Gómez

Cascading failures and epidemic dynamics, as two successful application realms of network science, are usually investigated separately. How do they affect each other is still one open, interesting problem. In this letter, we couple both…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Dawei Zhao , Zhen Wang , Gaoxi Xiao , Bo Gao , Lianhai Wang

Multiplex networks are collections of networks with identical nodes but distinct layers of edges. They are genuine representations for a large variety of real systems whose elements interact in multiple fashions or flavors. However,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-27 Daniel Kaiser , Siddharth Patwardhan , Minsuk Kim , Filippo Radicchi

Diffusion dynamics in multiplex networks can model a diverse number of real-world processes. In some specific configurations of these systems, the super-diffusion phenomenon arises, in which the diffusion is faster in the multiplex network…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-12-05 Lluís Torres-Hugas , Jordi Duch , Sergio Gómez

The characterization of various properties of real-world systems requires the knowledge of the underlying network of connections among the system's components. Unfortunately, in many situations the complete topology of this network is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-20 Valerio Gemmetto , Diego Garlaschelli

The mathematical framework of multiplex networks has been increasingly realized as a more suitable framework for modelling real-world complex systems. In this work, we investigate the optimization of synchronizability in multiplex networks…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-05-24 Sanjiv K. Dwivedi , Murilo S. Baptista , Sarika Jalan

In the past years, network theory has successfully characterized the interaction among the constituents of a variety of complex systems, ranging from biological to technological, and social systems. However, up until recently, attention was…

We study the resilience of complex networks against attacks in which nodes are targeted intelligently, but where disabling a node has a cost to the attacker which depends on its degree. Attackers have to meet these costs with limited…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 A Annibale , A C C Coolen , G Bianconi

Over the past years, embedding learning on networks has shown tremendous results in link prediction tasks for complex systems, with a wide range of real-life applications. Learning a representation for each node in a knowledge graph allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Orell Trautmann , Olaf Wolkenhauer , Clémence Réda

The paradigm of layered networks is used to describe many real-world systems -- from biological networks, to social organizations and transportation systems. Recently there has been much progress in understanding the general properties of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-10-05 Márton Pósfai , Jianxi Gao , Sean P. Cornelius , Albert-László Barabási , Raissa M. D'Souza

We propose here a multiplex network approach to investigate simultaneously different types of dependency in complex data sets. In particular, we consider multiplex networks made of four layers corresponding respectively to linear,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-06-16 Nicoló Musmeci , Vincenzo Nicosia , Tomaso Aste , Tiziana Di Matteo , Vito Latora

Complex networks are frequently employed to model physical or virtual complex systems. When certain entities exist across multiple systems simultaneously, unveiling their corresponding relationships across the networks becomes crucial. This…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-16 Rui Tang , Ziyun Yong , Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Yaofang Liu , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Wei Wang

Representing various networked data as multiplex networks, networks of networks and other multilayer networks can reveal completely new types of structures in these system. We introduce a general and principled graphlet framework for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-22 Sallamari Sallmen , Tarmo Nurmi , Mikko Kivelä

We introduce a methodology based on averaging similarity matrices with the aim of integrating the layers of a multiplex network into a single monoplex network. Multiplex networks are adopted for modelling a wide variety of real-world…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-30 Federica Baccini , Lucio Barabesi , Eugenio Petrovich

Real world complex networks often exhibit multiplex structure, connecting entities from different aspects of physical systems such as social, transportation and biological networks. Little is known about general properties of such networks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Blaž Škrlj , Benjamin Renoust