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Quantum State Tomography (QST) is a fundamental technique in Quantum Information Processing (QIP) for reconstructing unknown quantum states. However, the conventional QST methods are limited by the number of measurements required, which…

To progress in the characterization of noise for current quantum computers, gate set tomography (GST) has emerged as a self-consistent tomographic protocol that can accurately estimate the complete set of noisy quantum gates, state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Pablo Viñas , Alejandro Bermudez

Characterizing the noise in the set of gate operations that form the building blocks of a quantum computational device is a necessity for assessing the quality of the device. Here, we introduce randomized linear gate set tomography, an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Yanwu Gu , Rajesh Mishra , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) methods aim at identifying, i.e. estimating, a given quantum process. QPT is a major quantum information processing tool, since it especially allows one to characterize the actual behavior of quantum gates,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Yannick Deville , Alain Deville

Characterizing errors on many-qubit quantum computers remains a key challenge to understanding and improving the performance of these devices. Current characterization methods either don't scale beyond a few qubits, or make simplifying…

Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably.…

Quantum process tomography of each directly implementable quantum gate used in the IBM quantum processors is performed to compute gate error in order to check viability of complex quantum operations in the superconductivity-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Abhishek Shukla , Mitali Sisodia , Anirban Pathak

Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) methods aim at identifying, i.e. estimating, a quantum process. QPT is a major quantum information processing tool, since it especially allows one to experimentally characterize the actual behavior of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Yannick Deville , Alain Deville

We introduce a self-learning tomographic technique in which the experiment guides itself to an estimate of its own state. Self-guided quantum tomography (SGQT) uses measurements to directly test hypotheses in an iterative algorithm which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-11 Christopher Ferrie

Accurate methods of assessing the performance of quantum gates are extremely important. Quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are the current favored methods. Quantum process tomography gives detailed information, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Austin G. Fowler , D. Sank , J. Kelly , R. Barends , John M. Martinis

Machine learning techniques have opened new avenues for real-time quantum state tomography (QST). In this work, we demonstrate the deployment of machine learning-based QST onto edge devices, specifically utilizing field programmable gate…

In the current work we address the problem of quantum process tomography (QPT) in the case of imperfect preparation and measurement of the states which are used for QPT. The fuzzy measurements approach which helps us to efficiently take…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-21 B. I. Bantysh , D. V. Fastovets , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Quantum process tomography (QPT), used to estimate the linear map that best describes a quantum operation, is usually performed using a priori assumptions about state preparation and measurement (SPAM), which yield a biased and inconsistent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-14 Robin Blume-Kohout , Kenneth Rudinger , Timothy Proctor

Quantum process tomography (QPT) plays a central role in characterizing quantum gates and circuits, diagnosing quantum devices, calibrating hardware, and supporting quantum error correction. However, conventional QPT methods face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Huynh Le Dan Linh , Vu Tuan Hai , Le Bin Ho

The identification of an unknown quantum gate is a significant issue in quantum technology. In this paper, we propose a quantum gate identification method within the framework of quantum process tomography. In this method, a series of pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yuanlong Wang , Qi Yin , Daoyi Dong , Bo Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Zhibo Hou , Hidehiro Yonezawa , Guo-Yong Xiang

We present benchmarking results for single-qubit gates implemented on a neutral atom quantum processor using Direct Randomized Benchmarking (DRB) and Gate Set Tomography (GST). The DRB protocol involves preparing stabilizer states, applying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Artem Rozanov , Boris Bantysh , Ivan Bobrov , Gleb Struchalin , Stanislav Straupe

We discuss and implement experimentally a method for characterizing quantum gates operating on superpositions of coherent states. The peculiarity of this encoding of qubits is to work with a non-orthogonal basis, and therefore some…

An arbitrary quantum-optical process (channel) can be completely characterized by probing it with coherent states using the recently developed coherent-state quantum process tomography (QPT) [Lobino et al., Science 322, 563 (2008)]. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Xiang-Bin Wang , Zong-Wen Yu , Jia-Zhong Hu , Adam Miranowicz , Franco Nori

Quantum state tomography (QST) is an essential technique for characterizing quantum states. However, practical implementations of QST are significantly challenged by factors such as shot noise, attenuation, and Raman scattering, especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Artur Czerwinski

With the current interest in building quantum computers, there is a strong need for accurate and efficient characterization of the noise in quantum gate implementations. A key measure of the performance of a quantum gate is the minimum gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yiping Lu , Jun Yan Sim , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng