Related papers: Energy and matter
The united rest mass and charge of a particle correspond to the two forms of the same regularity of the unified nature of its ultimate structure. Each of them contains the electric, weak, strong and the gravitational contributions. As a…
Einstein's theory of general relativity describes gravity as the interaction of particles with space-time geometry, as opposed to interacting with a physical fluid, as in the old gravitational aether theories. Moreover, any theoretical…
When pressure is not negligible in comparison with energy density, the external gravitational field and the motion of particles in it are modified. For spherically symmetric body two effective mass parameters determine the external…
We propose gravity, matters and dark energy may be confined on different four dimensional \emph{minimal surfaces} for the observer in five dimensional spacetime. Following this idea, we construct the equations of motion when gravity,…
Following a quantum-gravity approach we use a gravitational quantum defined elsewhere as well as an effective gravitational "cross section" in conjunction with Mach's Principle and the de Broglie wavelength concept. We find the speed of…
A modification of the accepted relativistic energy momentum relation is suggested. The new relation allows massive particles to have a maximum velocity c(m) greater than the velocity of light c. The effect of the modification suggested here…
Corrections to Newton's inverse law have been so far considered, but not clear in warped higher dimensional worlds, because of complexity of the Einstein equation. Here we give a model of a warped 6D world with an extra 2D sphere. We take a…
In relativistic mechanics the energy-momentum of a free point mass moving without acceleration forms a four-vector. Einstein's celebrated energy-mass relation E=mc^2 is commonly derived from that fact. By contrast, in Newtonian mechanics…
By mass-energy equivalence, the gravitational field has a relativistic mass density proportional to its energy density. I seek to better understand this mass of the gravitational field by asking whether it plays three traditional roles of…
In this article, we investigate the assumption of equipartition of energy in arguments for the entropic nature of gravity. It has already been pointed out by other authors that equipartition is not valid for low temperatures. Here we…
We study how a strong gravity affects the equation of state of matters. For this purpose, we employ a canonical ensemble of classical monoatomic ideal gas inside a box in a Rindler spacetime. The total energy decreases monotonically with…
We conjecture that the total quantum entanglement of matter and vacuum in the universe tends to increase with time, like entropy, and that an effective force is associated with this tendency. We also suggest that gravity and dark energy are…
To explain the acceleration of the cosmological expansion researchers have considered an unusual form of mass-energy generically called dark energy. Dark energy has a ratio of pressure over mass density which obeys $w=p/\rho <-1/3$. This…
Although its practical efficiency is unquestionable, it is well known that thermodynamics presents conceptual difficulties from the theoretical point of view. It is shown that the problem comes from an imperfect compatibility between the…
In electromagnetism, as in Newton's mechanics, action is always equal to reaction. The force from the electromagnetic field on matter is balanced by an equal and opposite force from matter on the field. We generally speak only of forces…
The Einstein equations for static gravitational field depend on energy density and pressure. So one may expect that solutions should depend on two parameters: mass and its analogue originated from pressure. Yet the Schwarzschild solution…
We show that gravitational mass and inertial mass are correlated by an adimentional factor, which in specific electromagnetic conditions, can be reduced, nullified, negated, and increased. Some theoretical consequences of the mentioned…
Today we have a solid, if incomplete, physical picture of how inertia is created in the standard model. We know that most of the visible baryonic `mass' in the Universe is due to gluonic back-reaction on accelerated quarks, the latter of…
In the first and second post-Newtonian approximation of the Schwarzschild metric, I obtain the energy component of the Einstein and M{\o}ller energy-momentum complex. Both energies involve the rest-mass energy $m$, the energy stored in the…
We revisit Newton's equation of motion in one dimension when the moving particle has a variable mass m(x,t) depending both on position (x) and time (t). Geometrically the mass function is identified with one of the metric function in a…