Related papers: Van Lambalgen's theorem fails for some computable …

One obtains Bell's inequalities if one posits a hypothetical joint probability distribution, or {\it measure}, whose marginals yield the probabilities produced by the spin measurements in question. The existence of a joint measure is in…

Let $(\Omega, \mathcal{A}, \mu)$ be a probability space. The classical Borel-Cantelli Lemma states that for any sequence of $\mu$-measurable sets $E_i$ ($i=1,2,3,\dots$), if the sum of their measures converges then the corresponding…

We introduce a new approach to modeling uncertainty based on plausibility measures. This approach is easily seen to generalize other approaches to modeling uncertainty, such as probability measures, belief functions, and possibility…

We begin with a study of operations and the effects they measure. We define the probability that an effect $a$ occurs when the system is in a state $\rho$ by $P_\rho (a)= tr(\rho a)$. If $P_\rho (a)\ne 0$ and $\mathcal{I}$ is an operation…

Probabilistic metrology attempts to improve parameter estimation by occasionally reporting an excellent estimate and the rest of the time either guessing or doing nothing at all. Here we show that probabilistic metrology can never improve…

Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach ("contextuality-by-default") is based on the…

In contrast with software-generated randomness (called pseudo-randomness), quantum randomness is provable incomputable, i.e.\ it is not exactly reproducible by any algorithm. We provide experimental evidence of incomputability --- an…

We introduce probability estimation, a broadly applicable framework to certify randomness in a finite sequence of measurement results without assuming that these results are independent and identically distributed. Probability estimation…

We consider the problem of certifying binary observables based on a Bell inequality violation alone, a task known as self-testing of measurements. We introduce a family of commutation-based measures, which encode all the distinct…

In this paper we have characterized the space of summability kernels for the case p=1 and p=2. For other values of p we give a necessary condition for a function $\Lambda$ to be a summability kernel. For the case p=1, we have studied the…

A formula for the commutator of tensor product matrices is used to shows that, for qubits, compatibility of quantum multiparty observables almost never implies local compatibility at each site and to predict when this happens/does not…

Let $\gamma$ be a Gaussian measure on a locally convex space and $H$ be the corresponding Cameron-Martin space. It has been recently shown by L. Ambrosio and A. Figalli that the linear first-order PDE $$ \dot{\rho} + \mbox{div}_{\gamma}…

In Baraka's paper [2], he obtained the Littlewood-Paley characterization of Campanato spaces $L^{2,\lambda}$ and introduced $\mathcal {L}^{p,\lambda,s}$ spaces. He showed that $\mathcal…

Causality imposes strong restrictions on the type of operators that may be observables in relativistic quantum theories. In fact, causal violations arise when computing conditional probabilities for certain partial causally connected…

Suppose that we are given an infinite binary sequence which is random for a Bernoulli measure of parameter $p$. By the law of large numbers, the frequency of zeros in the sequence tends to~$p$, and thus we can get better and better…

The task of state discrimination for a set of mutually orthogonal pure states is trivial if one has access to the corresponding sharp (projection-valued) measurement, but what if we are restricted to an unsharp measurement? Given that any…

We prove a number of results motivated by global questions of uniformity in computability theory, and universality of countable Borel equivalence relations. Our main technical tool is a game for constructing functions on free products of…

Suppose $\alpha$ is a rotationally symmetric norm on $L^{\infty}\left(\mathbb{T}\right) $ and $\beta$ is a "nice" norm on $L^{\infty}\left(\Omega,\mu \right) $ where $\mu$ is a $\sigma$-finite measure on $\Omega$. We prove a version of…

We continue the investigation of analytic spaces from the perspective of computable structure theory. We show that if $p \geq 1$ is a computable real, and if $\Omega$ is a nonzero, non-atomic, and separable measure space, then every…

The definition of conditional probability in case of continuous distributions was an important step in the development of mathematical theory of probabilities. How can we define this notion in algorithmic probability theory? In this survey…