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We study in this paper the consequences of using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as a measure of quality for regression models. We show that finding the best model under the MAPE is equivalent to doing weighted Mean Absolute Error…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-16 Arnaud De Myttenaere , Boris Golden , Bénédicte Le Grand , Fabrice Rossi

We study in this paper the consequences of using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as a measure of quality for regression models. We prove the existence of an optimal MAPE model and we show the universal consistency of Empirical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-11 Arnaud De Myttenaere , Boris Golden , Bénédicte Le Grand , Fabrice Rossi

Surveys show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is the most widely used measure of forecast accuracy in businesses and organizations. It is however, biased: When used to select among competing prediction methods it…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-13 Chris Tofallis

Given a collection of feature maps indexed by a set $\mathcal{T}$, we study the performance of empirical risk minimization (ERM) on regression problems with square loss over the union of the linear classes induced by these feature maps.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-20 Ayoub El Hanchi , Chris J. Maddison , Murat A. Erdogdu

One straightforward metric to evaluate a survival prediction model is based on the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) -- the average of the absolute difference between the time predicted by the model and the true event time, over all subjects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Shi-ang Qi , Neeraj Kumar , Mahtab Farrokh , Weijie Sun , Li-Hao Kuan , Rajesh Ranganath , Ricardo Henao , Russell Greiner

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is the workhorse of machine learning, whether for classification and regression or for off-policy policy learning, but its model-agnostic guarantees can fail when we use adaptively collected data, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-04 Aurélien Bibaut , Antoine Chambaz , Maria Dimakopoulou , Nathan Kallus , Mark van der Laan

We advocate for a practical Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach towards designing loss functions for regression and forecasting, as an alternative to the typical approach of direct empirical risk minimization on a specific target…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-12 Pranjal Awasthi , Abhimanyu Das , Rajat Sen , Ananda Theertha Suresh

We reassess the use of linear models to approximate response probabilities of binary outcomes, focusing on average partial effects (APE). We confirm that linear projection parameters coincide with APEs in certain scenarios. Through…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-19 Kaicheng Chen , Robert S. Martin , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

This paper establishes bounds on the predictive performance of empirical risk minimization for principal component regression. Our analysis is nonparametric, in the sense that the relation between the prediction target and the predictors is…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-09-18 Christian Brownlees , Guðmundur Stefán Guðmundsson , Yaping Wang

We consider the random design regression model with square loss. We propose a method that aggregates empirical minimizers (ERM) over appropriately chosen random subsets and reduces to ERM in the extreme case, and we establish sharp oracle…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-04 Alexander Rakhlin , Karthik Sridharan , Alexandre B. Tsybakov

In this paper, we investigate the features and the performance of the Risk Parity (RP) portfolios using the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) as a risk measure. The RP model is a recent strategy for asset allocation that aims at equally sharing…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-19 Çağın Ararat , Francesco Cesarone , Mustafa Çelebi Pınar , Jacopo Maria Ricci

Empirical Bayes estimators are based on minimizing the average risk with the hyper-parameters in the weighting function being estimated from observed data. The performance of an empirical Bayes estimator is typically evaluated by its mean…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Yue Ju , Bo Wahlberg , Håkan Hjalmarsson

We study the consistency of sample mean-variance portfolios of arbitrarily high dimension that are based on Bayesian or shrinkage estimation of the input parameters as well as weighted sampling. In an asymptotic setting where the number of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-30 Francisco Rubio , Xavier Mestre , Daniel P. Palomar

Machine learning algorithms have grown in sophistication over the years and are increasingly deployed for real-life applications. However, when using machine learning techniques in practical settings, particularly in high-risk applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Sukrita Singh , Neeraj Sarna , Yuanyuan Li , Yang Li , Agni Orfanoudaki , Michael Berger

As regression is a widely studied problem, many methods have been proposed to solve it, each of them often requiring setting different hyper-parameters. Therefore, selecting the proper method for a given application may be very difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Nassime Mountasir , Baptiste Lafabregue , Bruno Albert , Nicolas Lachiche

Ideally, a meta-analysis will summarize data from several unbiased studies. Here we consider the less than ideal situation in which contributing studies may be compromised by measurement error. Measurement error affects every study design,…

The empirical risk minimization (ERM) problem with relative entropy regularization (ERM-RER) is investigated under the assumption that the reference measure is a $\sigma$-finite measure, and not necessarily a probability measure. Under this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Samir M. Perlaza , Gaetan Bisson , Iñaki Esnaola , Alain Jean-Marie , Stefano Rini

The minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion has been successfully used in fields such as parameter estimation, system identification and the supervised machine learning. There is in general no explicit expression for the optimal MEE estimate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Badong Chen , Guangmin Wang , Nanning Zheng , Jose C. Principe

We study model evaluation and model selection from the perspective of generalization ability (GA): the ability of a model to predict outcomes in new samples from the same population. We believe that GA is one way formally to address…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-19 Ning Xu , Jian Hong , Timothy C. G. Fisher

We study the minimal error of the Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) procedure in the task of regression, both in the random and the fixed design settings. Our sharp lower bounds shed light on the possibility (or impossibility) of adapting…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-25 Gil Kur , Alexander Rakhlin
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