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The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of nonnormal matrices can be unstable under perturbations of their entries. This renders an obstacle to the analysis of numerical algorithms for non-Hermitian eigenvalue problems. A recent technique to…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Rikhav Shah , Nikhil Srivastava , Edward Zeng

We consider the regularization of matrices $M^N$ written in Jordan form by additive Gaussian noise $N^{-\gamma}G^N$, where $G^N$ is a matrix of i.i.d. standard Gaussians and $\gamma>1/2$ so that the operator norm of the additive noise tends…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-22 Ohad Feldheim , Elliot Paquette , Ofer Zeitouni

We revisit the normality preserving augmentation of normal matrices studied by Ikramov and Elsner in 1998 and complement their results by showing how the eigenvalues of the original matrix are perturbed by the augmentation. Moreover, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-03-03 Ricardo Reis da Silva , Jan H. Brandts

A number of random matrix ensembles permitting exact determination of their eigenvalue and eigenvector statistics maintain this property under a rank $1$ perturbation. Considered in this review are the additive rank $1$ perturbation of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-01-24 Peter J. Forrester

A bordering of GUE matrices is considered, in which the bordered row consists of zero mean complex Gaussians N$[0,\sigma/2] + i {\rm N}[0,\sigma/2]$ off the diagonal, and the real Gaussian N$[\mu,\sigma/\sqrt{2}]$ on the diagonal. We…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-05-19 K. E. Bassler , P. J. Forrester , N. E. Frankel

We compute the limiting eigenvalue statistics at the edge of the spectrum of large Hermitian random matrices perturbed by the addition of small rank deterministic matrices. To be more precise, we consider random Hermitian matrices with…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sandrine Péché

Regularization is a well studied problem in the context of neural networks. It is usually used to improve the generalization performance when the number of input samples is relatively small or heavily contaminated with noise. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Salah Rifai , Xavier Glorot , Yoshua Bengio , Pascal Vincent

We consider the spectrum of additive, polynomially vanishing random perturbations of deterministic matrices, as follows. Let $M_N$ be a deterministic $N\times N$ matrix, and let $G_N$ be a complex Ginibre matrix. We consider the matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Anirban Basak , Elliot Paquette , Ofer Zeitouni

Consider a matrix function f defined for Hermitian matrices. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. We derive new results for the absolute structured condition number of the matrix function and we derive new bounds for the perturbation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-06-20 Elias Jarlebring , Emanuel H. Rubensson

In this paper, we develop a generalized Bayesian inference framework for a collection of signal-plus-noise matrix models arising in high-dimensional statistics and many applications. The framework is built upon an asymptotically unbiased…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Fangzheng Xie , Dingbo Wu

Estimating eigenvectors and low-dimensional subspaces is of central importance for numerous problems in statistics, computer science, and applied mathematics. This paper characterizes the behavior of perturbed eigenvectors for a range of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-14 Joshua Cape , Minh Tang , Carey E. Priebe

We discuss regularization by noise of the spectrum of large random non-Normal matrices. Under suitable conditions, we show that the regularization of a sequence of matrices that converges in *-moments to a regular element $a$, by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-12 Alice Guionnet , Philip Matchett Wood , Ofer Zeitouni

In this text, based on elementary computations, we provide a perturbative expansion of the coordinates of the eigenvectors of a Hermitian matrix of large size perturbed by a random matrix with small operator norm whose entries in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Florent Benaych-Georges , Nathanaël Enriquez , Alkéos Michaïl

We study the eigenvalue correlations of random Hermitian $n\times n$ matrices of the form $S=M+\epsilon H$, where $H$ is a GUE matrix, $\epsilon>0$, and $M$ is a positive-definite Hermitian random matrix, independent of $H$, whose…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-14 Tom Claeys , Antoine Doeraene

Matrix perturbation bounds (such as Weyl and Davis-Kahan) are used abundantly in many areas of mathematics and data science. Many bounds (such as the above two) involve the spectral norm of the noise matrix and are sharp in worst case…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Phuc Tran , Van Vu

We describe an elementary method to get non-asymptotic estimates for the moments of Hermitian random matrices whose elements are Gaussian independent random variables. As the basic example, we consider the GUE matrices. Immediate…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Khorunzhiy

Randomly perturbing networks during the training process is a commonly used approach to improving generalization performance. In this paper, we present a theoretical study of one particular way of random perturbation, which corresponds to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Oussama Dhifallah , Yue M. Lu

In this work we find a new formula for matrix averages over the Gaussian ensemble. Let ${\bf H}$ be an $n\times n$ Gaussian random matrix with complex, independent, and identically distributed entries of zero mean and unit variance. Given…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-16 Gabriel H. Tucci , Maria V. Vega

Combined perturbation bounds are presented for eigenvalues and eigenspaces of Hermitian matrices or singular values and singular subspaces of general matrices. The bounds are derived based on the smooth decompositions and elementary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Xiao Shan Chen , Hongguo Xu

It is well known that some important Markov semi-groups have a "regularization effect" -- as for example the hypercontractivity property of the noise operator on the Boolean hypercube or the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semi-group on the real line,…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-07 Nathael Gozlan , Xue-Mei Li , Mokshay Madiman , Cyril Roberto , Paul-Marie Samson
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