Related papers: Melt transport rates in heterogeneous mantle benea…
The geological record shows links between glacial cycles and volcanic productivity, both subaerially and at mid-ocean ridges. Sea-level-driven pressure changes could also affect chemical properties of mid-ocean ridge volcanism. We consider…
Melting beneath mid-ocean ridges occurs over a region that is much broader than the zone of magmatic emplacement to form the oceanic crust. Magma is focused into this zone by lateral transport. This focusing has typically been explained by…
Deep-Earth volatile cycles couple the mantle with near-surface reservoirs. Volatiles are emitted by volcanism and, in particular, from mid-ocean ridges, which are the most prolific source of basaltic volcanism. Estimates of volatile…
Magmatism and volcanism transfer carbon from the solid Earth into the climate system. This transfer may be modulated by the glacial/interglacial cycling of water between oceans and continental ice sheets, which alters the surface loading of…
Many engineering and environmental surfaces exhibit spatial heterogeneity in the spanwise direction and encompass multiple surface length scales. When the dominant spanwise length scale is on the order of the largest flow scales (e.g., the…
Transport across heterogeneous, patchy environments is a ubiquitous phenomenon spanning fields of study including ecological movement, intracellular transport and regions of specialised function in a cell. These regions or patches may be…
This contribution reviews the effects of source heterogeneities, melt-rock reactions and intracrustal differentiation on magma chemistry across mid-ocean ridges, intraplate settings and subduction zones using experimental studies and…
At ultraslow, magma-poor spreading ridges, plate divergence is controlled by tectonics, with formation of detachment faults that expose variably serpentinized mantle rocks. Seismicity and the depth of seismic events in these environments…
The observed variability of trace-element concentration in basaltic lavas and melt inclusions carries information about heterogeneity in the mantle. The difficulty is to disentangle the contributions of source heterogeneity (i.e., spatial…
It is generally accepted that melt extraction from the mantle at mid-ocean ridges (MORs) is concentrated in narrow regions of elevated melt fraction called channels. Two feedback mechanisms have been proposed to explain why these channels…
Abyssal hills, arguably the most extensive coherent pattern in Earth's surface topography, record the spacing of normal faults formed at mid-ocean ridges. At fast-spreading ridges, high-resolution bathymetry shows a pronounced spectral peak…
Partial melting of asthenospheric mantle generates magma that supplies volcanic systems. The timescale of melt extraction from the mantle has been hotly debated. Microstructural measurements of permeability typically suggest relatively slow…
We present a continuum approach to model segregation of size-bidisperse granular materials in unsteady bounded heap flow as a prototype for modeling segregation in other time varying flows. In experiments, a periodically modulated feed rate…
Experimental studies of mantle petrology find that small concentrations of water and carbon dioxide have a large effect on the solidus temperature and distribution of melting in the upper mantle. However, it has remained unclear what effect…
The three-dimensional transport pathways, the time scales of vertical transport, and the dispersion characteristics of submesoscale currents at an upper-ocean front are investigated using material points (tracer particles) that advect with…
Turbulence in the upper ocean in the submesoscale range (scales smaller than the deformation radius) plays an important role for the heat exchange with the atmosphere and for oceanic biogeochemistry. Its dynamics should strongly depend on…
The slow flow of amorphous solids exhibits striking heterogeneities: swift localised particle rearrangements take place in the midst of a more or less homogeneously deforming medium. Recently, experimental as well as numerical work has…
The role of turbulent large-scale streaks in forming subaqueous sediment ridges on an initially flat sediment bed is investigated with the aid of particle-resolved direct numerical simulations of open channel flow at bulk Reynolds numbers…
The kinetics of hydrogen diffusion in C15 cubic and C14 hexagonal TiCr$_2$H$_x$ (0 < $x$ <= 4) Laves-phase hydrogen storage alloys is investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs).…
In order to model ion transport across protocell membranes in Hadean hydrothermal vents, we consider both theoretically and experimentally the planar growth of a precipitate membrane formed at the interface between two parallel fluid…