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In this essay, we argue that an observer outside the horizon can reconstruct the geometry of a black hole's interior through external measurements. This procedure builds on recent studies of the holographic duality of timelike entanglement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-29 Wu-zhong Guo

When two objects have gravitational interaction between them, they are no longer independent of each other. In fact, there exists gravitational correlation between these two objects. Inspired by E. Verlinde's paper, we first calculate the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-22 Dongshan He , Qing-yu Cai

We investigate the effect of gravitational back-reaction on the black hole evaporation process. The standard derivation of Hawking radiation is re-examined and extended by including gravitational interactions between the infalling matter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Youngjai Kiem , Erik Verlinde , Herman Verlinde

Black holes regain their static configuration by emitting ringdown gravitational waves, whose amplitude decays in time following a power law at fixed spatial positions. We show that the nonlinear decay power law may be obtained by simple…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 A. Ianniccari , L. Lo Bianco , A. Riotto

Black holes evolve by evaporation of their event horizon. While this process is believed to be unitary, there is no consensus on the recovery of information in black hole entropy. A missing link is a unit of information in black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-01 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

The back reactions of Hawking radiation allow nontrivial correlations between consecutive Hawking quanta, which gives a possible way of resolving the paradox of black hole information loss known as the hidden messenger method. In a recent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-11 Xiao-Kan Guo , Qing-yu Cai

I propose that the information loss paradox can be resolved by considering the supertranslation of the horizon caused by the ingoing particles. Information can be recovered in principle, but it is lost for all practical purposes.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-04 S. W. Hawking

We show that, in order to preserve the equivalence principle until late times in unitarily evaporating black holes, the thermodynamic entropy of a black hole must be primarily entropy of entanglement across the event horizon. For such black…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola , Karol Życzkowski

The complete evaporation of black holes, as a natural endpoint of Hawking radiation, gives rise to the black hole information paradox, which fundamentally challenges the principles of unitarity and information conservation in quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Zhilong Liu , Wentao Liu , Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang

Hawking's black hole information puzzle highlights the incompatibility between our present understanding of gravity and quantum physics. However, Hawking's prediction of black-hole evaporation is at a semiclassical level. One therefore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Shahar Hod

We study the effect of back-reaction on the evaporation of quantum black holes. The method used is based on quantum tunneling formalism as proposed in [4]. We give a more realistic picture by considering the fact that a black hole looses…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-13 Sujoy K. Modak

We provide further evidence that information is preserved during black hole evaporation and may be recoverable, provided quantum gravitational effects resolve the singularity. We demonstrate that due to quantum gravity effects, black holes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-26 Meysam Motaharfar , Parampreet Singh

We revisit information retrieval from evaporating black holes in the Hayden-Preskill protocol, treating the black hole dynamics as Haar-random. We compute, down to the first exponentially suppressed terms, all integer-indexed R\'enyi mutual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-27 Bartlomiej Czech , Sirui Shuai , Haifeng Tang

The correspondence principle between strings and black holes is a general framework for matching black holes and massive states of fundamental strings at a point where their physical properties (such as mass, entropy and temperature)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-05 Nejc Čeplak , Roberto Emparan , Andrea Puhm , Marija Tomašević

The gravity-scalar field system in spherical symmetry provides a natural setting for exploring gravitational collapse and its aftermath in quantum gravity. In a canonical approach, we give constructions of the constraint and Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-14 Daniel R. Terno

In these notes we prepare the ground for a systematic investigation into the issues of black hole fluctuations and backreaction by discussing the formulation of the problem, commenting on possible advantages and shortcomings of existing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 B. L. Hu , Alpan Raval , Sukanya Sinha

We deal with the black hole information loss paradox by showing that the stimulated emission component of the black hole radiation contains information about the initial state of the system. The nonlocal behaviour that allows the recovery…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 R. Mueller , Carlos O. Lousto

Recently, it has been claimed that the back reaction of vacuum polarization on a black hole spacetime naturally regularizes infinities in the black hole entropy. We examine the back reaction calculation and find no such short-distance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Neil J. Cornish , Janna J. Levin

Black holes respond to infalling quantum matter fields by changing their entropy. Since such matter is quantum in nature, the entropy response should be sensitive to its quantum fluctuations. We show, within stochastic semiclassical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-27 Kensuke Gallock-Yoshimura , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We try to solve the problem about how to probe the inside of a black hole. We show that in the framework of revised quantum dynamics, which may naturally result from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Rui Qi