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Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way are among the most promising targets for dark matter searches in gamma rays. We present a search for dark matter consisting of weakly interacting massive particles, applying a joint likelihood analysis to…
We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal based on the likelihood ratio statistic. We derive the test for a case of interest and also show that for that case the test works very well, even far out in the tails…
This paper studies recursive composite hypothesis testing in a network of sparsely connected agents. The network objective is to test a simple null hypothesis against a composite alternative concerning the state of the field, modeled as a…
Pulsars are among the prime targets for the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the recently launched Fermi observatory. The LAT will study the gamma-ray Universe between 20 MeV and 300 GeV with unprecedented detail. Increasing numbers of…
Given two networks of differing sizes, it is of interest to test whether the two networks belong to the same distribution. We formalize the notion of "equality of distribution" under the framework of the generalized random dot product…
Symmetry plays a central role in the sciences, machine learning, and statistics. For situations in which data are known to obey a symmetry, a multitude of methods that exploit symmetry have been developed. Statistical tests for the presence…
We introduce a new method to estimate the probability that an extragalactic transient source is associated with a candidate host galaxy. This approach relies solely on simple observables: sky coordinates and their uncertainties, galaxy…
Galactic interstellar emission contributes substantially to Fermi LAT observations in the Galactic plane, where the majority of Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are located. We have developed a method to explore some systematic effects on SNRs'…
The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray data from the region of the Galactic Center has been collected by the LAT instrument on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. In this paper we argue that it may be able to provide an unambiguous evidence of…
Many areas of science rely on simulators that implicitly encode intractable likelihood functions of complex systems. Classical statistical methods are poorly suited for these so-called likelihood-free inference (LFI) settings, especially…
Statistical modeling plays a fundamental role in understanding the underlying mechanism of massive data (statistical inference) and predicting the future (statistical prediction). Although all models are wrong, researchers try their best to…
Recent detection of high-redshift, massive clusters through Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations has opened up a new way to test cosmological models. It is known that detection of a single supermassive cluster at a very high redshift can rule…
We present a new method that simultaneously solves for cosmology and galaxy bias on non-linear scales. The method uses the halo model to analytically describe the (non-linear) matter distribution, and the conditional luminosity function…
High-fidelity simulators that connect theoretical models with observations are indispensable tools in many sciences. When coupled with machine learning, a simulator makes it possible to infer the parameters of a theoretical model directly…
The velocity distributions of stellar tracers in general exhibit weak non-Gaussianity encoding information on the orbital composition of a galaxy and the underlying potential. The standard solution for measuring non-Gaussianity involves…
Cognitive Diagnosis Models (CDMs) are a special family of discrete latent variable models widely used in educational, psychological and social sciences. In many applications of CDMs, certain hierarchical structures among the latent…
The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) is currently the most important facility for investigating the GeV $\gamma$-ray sky. With Fermi LAT more than three thousand $\gamma$-ray sources have been discovered so far. 1144 ($\sim40\%$) of the…
We perform a comprehensive stacking analysis of data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) localized by the Swift spacecraft, which were not detected by the LAT but which fell within the instrument's…
Indirect detection strategies of particle Dark Matter (DM) in Dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) typically entail searching for annihilation signals above the astrophysical background. To robustly compare model predictions with the…
The design of optimal test statistics is a key task in frequentist statistics and for a number of scenarios optimal test statistics such as the profile-likelihood ratio are known. By turning this argument around we can find the profile…