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Digital fingerprinting is a framework for marking media files, such as images, music, or movies, with user-specific signatures to deter illegal distribution. Multiple users can collude to produce a forgery that can potentially overcome a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-16 Dustin G. Mixon , Christopher J. Quinn , Negar Kiyavash , Matthew Fickus

Device fingerprinting over the web has received much attention both by the research community and the commercial market a like. Almost all the fingerprinting features proposed to date depend on software run on the device. All of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Gabi Nakibly , Gilad Shelef , Shiran Yudilevich

Website Fingerprinting (WF) is considered a major threat to the anonymity of Tor users (and other anonymity systems). While state-of-the-art WF techniques have claimed high attack accuracies, e.g., by leveraging Deep Neural Networks (DNN),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Alireza Bahramali , Ardavan Bozorgi , Amir Houmansadr

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which dramatically alter model output using small input changes. We propose Neural Fingerprinting, a simple, yet effective method to detect adversarial examples by verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Sumanth Dathathri , Stephan Zheng , Tianwei Yin , Richard M. Murray , Yisong Yue

Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks raise major concerns about users' privacy. They employ Machine Learning (ML) to allow a local passive adversary to uncover the Web browsing behavior of a user, even if she browses through an encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Giovanni Cherubin

We explored leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning, big data, and natural language processing to enhance the detection of vulnerable web server versions. Focusing on improving accuracy and specificity over rule-based systems, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Patrick Darwinkel

Website fingerprinting enables an eavesdropper to determine which websites a user is visiting over an encrypted connection. State-of-the-art website fingerprinting (WF) attacks have demonstrated effectiveness even against Tor-protected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xinhao Deng , Xiyuan Zhao , Qilei Yin , Zhuotao Liu , Qi Li , Mingwei Xu , Ke Xu , Jianping Wu

Active measurements can be used to collect server characteristics on a large scale. This kind of metadata can help discovering hidden relations and commonalities among server deployments offering new possibilities to cluster and classify…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Markus Sosnowski , Johannes Zirngibl , Patrick Sattler , Georg Carle , Claas Grohnfeldt , Michele Russo , Daniele Sgandurra

Browser fingerprinting consists in collecting attributes from a web browser to build a browser fingerprint. In this work, we assess the adequacy of browser fingerprints as an authentication factor, on a dataset of 4,145,408 fingerprints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Nampoina Andriamilanto , Tristan Allard , Gaëtan Le Guelvouit

Online anonymity and privacy has been based on confusing the adversary by creating indistinguishable network elements. Tor is the largest and most widely deployed anonymity system, designed against realistic modern adversaries. Recently,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 George Kadianakis , Theodoros Polyzos , Mike Perry , Kostas Chatzikokolakis

Browser fingerprinting can be used to identify and track users across the Web, even without cookies, by collecting attributes from users' devices to create unique "fingerprints". This technique and resulting privacy risks have been studied…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Alex Berke , Enrico Bacis , Badih Ghazi , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Robin Lassonde , Pasin Manurangsi , Umar Syed

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks, which covertly monitor user communications to identify the web pages they visit, pose a serious threat to user privacy. Existing WF defenses attempt to reduce attack accuracy by disrupting traffic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Siyuan Liang , Jiajun Gong , Tianmeng Fang , Aishan Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Ee-Chien Chang

Browser fingerprinting enables persistent cross-site user tracking via subtle techniques that often evade conventional defenses or cause website breakage when script-level blocking countermeasures are applied. Addressing these challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Dylan Cutler , Igor Bilogrevic

Website fingerprinting attack (WFA) aims to deanonymize the website a user is visiting through anonymous networks channels (e.g., Tor). Despite of remarkable progress in the past years, most existing methods make implicitly a couple of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Mantun Chen , Yongxin Chen , Yongjun Wang , Peidai Xie , Shaojing Fu , Xiatian Zhu

We examine WebRTC's suitability as a means of Internet censorship circumvention. WebRTC is a framework and suite of protocols for peer-to-peer communication between web browsers. We analyze the implementation differences in instantiations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-31 David Fifield , Mia Gil Epner

The apps installed on a smartphone can reveal much information about a user, such as their medical conditions, sexual orientation, or religious beliefs. Additionally, the presence or absence of particular apps on a smartphone can inform an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Vincent F. Taylor , Riccardo Spolaor , Mauro conti , Ivan Martinovic

How easy is it to uniquely identify a person based solely on their web browsing behavior? Here we show that when people navigate the Web, their online traces produce fingerprints that identify them. Merely the four most visited web domains…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Marcos Oliveira , Junran Yang , Daniel Griffiths , Denis Bonnay , Juhi Kulshrestha

Cryptographic protocols have been widely used to protect the user's privacy and avoid exposing private information. QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections), including the version originally designed by Google (GQUIC) and the version…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Pengwei Zhan , Liming Wang , Yi Tang

While privacy-focused browsers have taken steps to block third-party cookies and mitigate browser fingerprinting, novel tracking techniques that can bypass existing countermeasures continue to emerge. Since trackers need to share…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Shaoor Munir , Patrick Lee , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq , Sandra Siby

Recent developments in online tracking make it harder for individuals to detect and block trackers. Some sites have deployed indirect tracking methods, which attempt to uniquely identify a device by asking the browser to perform a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Julissa Milligan , Sarah Scheffler , Andrew Sellars , Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , Mayank Varia