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It is generally well understood that predictive classification and compression are intrinsically related concepts in information theory. Indeed, many deep learning methods are explained as learning a kind of compression, and that better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 John Hurwitz , Charles Nicholas , Edward Raff

This work focuses on a specific front of the malware detection arms-race, namely the detection of persistent, disk-resident malware. We exploit normalised compression distance (NCD), an information theoretic measure, applied directly to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-27 Nadia Alshahwan , Earl T. Barr , David Clark , George Danezis

Normalized compression distance (NCD) is a parameter-free, feature-free, alignment-free, similarity measure between a pair of finite objects based on compression. However, it is not sufficient for all applications. We propose an NCD of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-28 Andrew R. Cohen , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

Normalized information distance (NID) uses the theoretical notion of Kolmogorov complexity, which for practical purposes is approximated by the length of the compressed version of the file involved, using a real-world compression program.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-10-23 Sebastiaan A. Terwijn , Leen Torenvliet , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

Normalized information distance (NID) uses the theoretical notion of Kolmogorov complexity, which for practical purposes is approximated by the length of the compressed version of the file involved, using a real-world compression program.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-06-17 Sebastiaan A. Terwijn , Leen Torenvliet , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

The huge amount of information stored in text form makes methods that deal with texts really interesting. This thesis focuses on dealing with texts using compression distances. More specifically, the thesis takes a small step towards…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-05-30 Ana Granados

We present a new method for clustering based on compression. The method doesn't use subject-specific features or background knowledge, and works as follows: First, we determine a universal similarity distance, the normalized compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rudi Cilibrasi , Paul Vitanyi

The normalized information distance is a universal distance measure for objects of all kinds. It is based on Kolmogorov complexity and thus uncomputable, but there are ways to utilize it. First, compression algorithms can be used to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2008-09-16 Paul M. B. Vitanyi , Frank J. Balbach , Rudi L. Cilibrasi , Ming Li

The recent developments in machine learning have highlighted a conflict between online platforms and their users in terms of privacy. The importance of user privacy and the struggle for power over user data has been intensified as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Charles Meyers , Aaron MacSween , Erik Elmroth , Tommy Löfstedt

Image similarity measurement is a common issue in a broad range of applications in image processing, recognition, classification and retrieval. Conventional image similarity measures are often limited to specific applications and cannot be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-09 Nima Nikvand , Zhou Wang , Xavier Fernando , Wisam Farjow

We present a new similarity measure based on information theoretic measures which is superior than Normalized Compression Distance for clustering problems and inherits the useful properties of conditional Kolmogorov complexity. We show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-22 Andrey Bogomolov , Bruno Lepri , Fabio Pianesi

With the deployment of neural networks on mobile devices and the necessity of transmitting neural networks over limited or expensive channels, the file size of the trained model was identified as bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Thorsten Laude , Yannick Richter , Jörn Ostermann

Finding meaningful clusters in drive-by-download malware data is a particularly difficult task. Malware data tends to contain overlapping clusters with wide variations of cardinality. This happens because there can be considerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Renato Cordeiro de Amorim , Carlos David Lopez Ruiz

Normalized web distance (NWD) is a similarity or normalized semantic distance based on the World Wide Web or another large electronic database, for instance Wikipedia, and a search engine that returns reliable aggregate page counts. For…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Andrew R. Cohen , Paul M. B. Vitanyi

Reliable identification of encrypted file fragments is a requirement for several security applications, including ransomware detection, digital forensics, and traffic analysis. A popular approach consists of estimating high entropy as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Fabio De Gaspari , Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini

We address the challenge of applying existing convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures to compressed images. Existing CNN architectures represent images as a matrix of pixel intensities with a specified dimension; this desired…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Christopher A. George , Bradley M. West

Today, with the growing demands of information storage and data transfer, data compression is becoming increasingly important. Data Compression is a technique which is used to decrease the size of data. This is very useful when some huge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohammad Hosseini

Clustering is a popular machine learning technique for data mining that can process and analyze datasets to automatically reveal sample distribution patterns. Since the ubiquitous categorical data naturally lack a well-defined metric space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yiqun Zhang , Mingjie Zhao , Hong Jia , Yang Lu , Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung

Normalized Google distance (NGD) is a relative semantic distance based on the World Wide Web (or any other large electronic database, for instance Wikipedia) and a search engine that returns aggregate page counts. The earlier NGD between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-08-15 Andrew R. Cohen , P. M. B. Vitanyi

In the field of biological research, it is essential to comprehend the characteristics and functions of molecular sequences. The classification of molecular sequences has seen widespread use of neural network-based techniques. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Sarwan Ali , Tamkanat E Ali , Prakash Chourasia , Murray Patterson
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