Related papers: Rotational Virtual Knots and Quantum Link Invarian…
The Reidemeister torsion construction can be applied to the chain complex used to compute the Khovanov homology of a knot or a link. This defines a volume form on Khovanov homology. The volume form transforms correctly under Reidemeister…
This paper describes a polynomial invariant of virtual knots that is defined in terms of an integer labeling of the virtual knot diagram. This labeling is seen to derive from an essentially unique structure of affine flat biquandle for flat…
In the present paper, we construct an invariant for virtual knots in the thickened sphere with g handles; this invariant is a Laurent polynomial in 2g+3 variables. To this end, we use a modification of the Wirtinger presentation of the knot…
We generalize the braid algebra to the case of loops with intersections. We introduce the Reidemeister moves for 4 and 6-valent vertices to have a theory of rigid vertex equivalence. By considering representations of the extended braid…
Kauffman and Lomonaco explored the idea of understanding quantum entanglement (the non-local correlation of certain properties of particles) topologically by viewing unitary entangling operators as braiding operators. In the work of G.…
The Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant, Turaev's TQFT, and many related constructions rely on the encoding of certain tangles (n-string links, or ribbon n-handles) as n-forms on the coend of a ribbon category. We introduce the monoidal category…
We introduce a new class of quantum enhancements we call biquandle brackets, which are customized skein invariants for biquandle colored links.Quantum enhancements of biquandle counting invariants form a class of knot and link invariants…
We construct the new non-trivial state--sum invariants for virtual knots and links by a generalization of the powerful Carter--Saito--Jelsovsky--Kamada--Langford theorem for classical knots. The main result of this work is based on…
Consider a continuous flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$ or any orientable $3$-manifold. Let $(Q_1, Q_0)$ be an index pair in the sense of Conley and consider the region $N := \overline{Q_1 - Q_0}$. (An example of this is a compact $3$-manifold $N$…
The classical abelian invariants of a knot are the Alexander module, which is the first homology group of the the unique infinite cyclic covering space of S^3-K, considered as a module over the (commutative) Laurent polynomial ring, and the…
We construct geometrically two universal link invariants: universal ADO invariant and universal Jones invariant, as limits of invariants given by graded intersections in configuration spaces. More specifically, for a fixed level $\mathscr…
This paper is an introduction to virtual knot theory and an exposition of new ideas and constructions, including the parity bracket polynomial, the arrow polynomial, the parity arrow polynomial and categorifications of the arrow polynomial.…
In this report, I will start by first giving a brief introduction on knots to build some intuition before beginning the more rigorous review in the Literature Review section. There, I will define knot equivalence, the Jones polynomial…
This paper proposes the definition of a quantum knot as a linear superposition of classical knots in three dimensional space. The definition is constructed and examples are discussed. Then the paper details extensions and also limitations…
The entanglement of open curves in 3-space appears in many physical systems and affects their material properties and function. A new framework in knot theory was introduced recently, that enables to characterize the complexity of…
Several authors have recently studied virtual knots and links because they admit invariants arising from R-matrices. We prove that every virtual link is uniquely represented by a link L in S X I, a thickened, compact, oriented surface S,…
Virtual knots are associated with knot diagrams, which are not obligatory planar. The recently suggested generalization from N=2 to arbitrary N of the Kauffman-Khovanov calculus of cycles in resolved diagrams can be straightforwardly…
Let $A, B$ be invertible, non-commuting elements of a ring $R$. Suppose that $A-1$ is also invertible and that the equation $$[B,(A-1)(A,B)]=0$$ called the fundamental equation is satisfied. Then an invariant $R$-module is defined for any…
We introduce quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite virtual biquandle, abelian group, set of virtual Boltzmann weights, commutative unital ring and set of virtual…
Knots and links in 3-manifolds are studied by applying intersection invariants to singular concordances. The resulting link invariants generalize the Arf invariant, the mod 2 Sato-Levine invariants, and Milnor's triple linking numbers.…