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Compact general formulae for the energy, momentum and angular momentum radiated by confined systems of charges and currents are presented in terms of their multipole Cartesian tensors. Besides the usual electric and magnetic multipoles, a…
Let X be a smooth manifold of dimension 1+n endowed with a lorentzian metric g, and let T be the electromagnetic energy tensor associated to a 2-form F. In this paper we characterize this tensor T as the only 2-covariant natural tensor…
The possibility of the existence of quasi-stationary electromagnetic fields in plasma supported by their own self-consistent current follows from Maxwell's equations with field sources. These equations also give rise to a wave equation for…
In this paper we consider a special case of vacuum non-linear electrodynamics with a stress-energy tensor conformal to the Maxwell theory. Distinctive features of this model are: the absence of dimensional parameter for non-linearity…
For systems with three and four fermions within a single-j shell, analytical expressions for the state energies are presented from a decomposition of the angular momentum. In some important cases the expressions acquire a very simple form.…
The electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's theory satisfy linear equations in the classical vacuum. This is modified in classical non-linear electrodynamic theories. To date there has been little experimental evidence that any of these…
A fully relativistically covariant formulation of the classical Maxwell electrodynamics of an arbitrarily-moving point charge is presented, purely in terms of gauge invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. A new,…
We consider a bound system of particles interacting via electromagnetic forces in an external electromagnetic field, including leading relativistic corrections. Each particle has a definite mass, charge, spin, and charge radius. We…
Using Euler's equations of motion and the Hamiltonian formulation, we obtain the equations of motion of systems with internal angular momentum that are moving with respect to a given reference frame, when subjected to a torque which is…
The differential form of the Maxwell's equations was first derived based on an assumption that the media are stationary, which is the foundation for describing the electro-magnetic coupling behavior of a system. For a general case in which…
The classical theory of electrodynamics is built upon Maxwell's equations and the concepts of electromagnetic field, force, energy and momentum, which are intimately tied together by Poynting's theorem and the Lorentz force law. Whereas…
The problem of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor is among the oldest and the most controversial in macroscopic electrodynamics. In the center of the issue is a dispute about the Minkowski and the Abraham tensors for moving media.…
The classical theory of electrodynamics cannot explain the existence and structure of electric and magnetic dipoles, yet it incorporates such dipoles into its fundamental equations, simply by postulating their existence and properties, just…
Background fields of electromagnetic and gravitational type emerge in the low kinetic energy limit of any regular Lagrangian system and, in particular, in the corresponding limit of any spacetime theory in which the free motion of test…
The equations of hydrodynamics including mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, and energy are derived by coarse-graining the microscopic equations of motion for systems consisting of rotary dumbbells driven by internal torques.
The ambiguity involved in the use of Maxwell's equation particularly in electron plasmas is discussed. It is pointed out that in the slow time scale perturbations the displacement current is ignored but it does not imply that the electron…
We consider field localizing and concentration of electromagnetic waves governed by the time-harmonic anisotropic Maxwell system in a bounded domain. It is shown that there always exist certain boundary inputs which can generate…
Ionic electro-active polymer (Nafion for example) can be used as sensor or actuator. To this end, a thin film of the water-saturated material is sandwiched between two electrodes. Water saturation causes a quasi-complete dissociation of the…
Whereas nonrelativistic mechanics always connects the total momentum of a system to the motion of the center of mass, relativistic systems, such as interacting electromagnetic charges, can have internal linear momentum in the absence of…
The change of the electromagnetic field in a particular place due to the event of a change in the motion of a charged particle can occur only after the light signal from the event can reach this place. Naive calculations of the…