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The study of loss function distributions is critical to characterize a model's behaviour on a given machine learning problem. For example, while the quality of a model is commonly determined by the average loss assessed on a testing set,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Etrit Haxholli , Marco Lorenzi

We obtain concentration and large deviation for the sums of independent and identically distributed random variables with heavy-tailed distributions. Our concentration results are concerned with random variables whose distributions satisfy…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-27 Milad Bakhshizadeh , Arian Maleki , Victor H. de la Pena

We develop a space-time large-deviation point of view on Gibbs-non-Gibbs transitions in spin systems subject to a stochastic spin-flip dynamics. Using the general theory for large deviations of functionals of Markov processes outlined in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Aernout van Enter , Roberto Fernández , Frank den Hollander , Frank Redig

We investigate temporal behavior of probability density functions (pdfs) of paradigmatic jump-type and continuous processes that, under confining regimes, share common heavy-tailed asymptotic (target) pdfs. Namely, we have shown that under…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Piotr Garbaczewski , Vladimir Stephanovich , Dariusz Kȩdzierski

The theory of large deviations deals with the probabilities of rare events (or fluctuations) that are exponentially small as a function of some parameter, e.g., the number of random components of a system, the time over which a stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-01 Hugo Touchette

The tail chain of a Markov chain can be used to model the dependence between extreme observations. For a positive recurrent Markov chain, the tail chain aids in describing the limit of a sequence of point processes $\{N_n,n\geq1\}$,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Sidney I. Resnick , David Zeber

Consider a random walk in random environment on a supercritical Galton--Watson tree, and let $\tau_n$ be the hitting time of generation $n$. The paper presents a large deviation principle for $\tau_n/n$, both in quenched and annealed cases.…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-11 Elie Aidekon

Linear regression is ubiquitous in statistical analysis. It is well understood that conflicting sources of information may contaminate the inference when the classical normality of errors is assumed. The contamination caused by the light…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-13 Philippe Gagnon , Alain Desgagné , Mylène Bédard

We re-consider Leadbetter's extremal index for stationary sequences. It has interpretation as reciprocal of the expected size of an extremal cluster above high thresholds. We focus on heavy-tailed time series, in particular on regularly…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-06-10 Gloria Buriticá , Meyer Nicolas , Thomas Mikosch , Olivier Wintenberger

Including prior information about model parameters is a fundamental step of any Bayesian statistical analysis. It is viewed positively by some as it allows, among others, to quantitatively incorporate expert opinion about model parameters.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Philippe Gagnon

The goal of this paper is an exhaustive investigation of the link between the tail measure of a regularly varying time series and its spectral tail process, independently introduced in Owada and Samorodnitsky (2012) and Basrak and Segers…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Clément Dombry , Enkelejd Hashorva , Philippe Soulier

For sequences of non-lattice weakly dependent random variables, we obtain asymptotic expansions for Large Deviation Principles. These expansions, commonly referred to as strong large deviation results, are in the spirit of Edgeworth…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Kasun Fernando , Pratima Hebbar

We propose a discrete-time, finite-state stationary process that can possess long-range dependence. Among the interesting features of this process is that each state can have different long-term dependency, i.e., the indicator sequence can…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-19 Jeonghwa Lee

How do large deviation events in a stationary process cluster? The answer depends not only on the type of large deviations, but also on the length of memory in the process. Somewhat unexpectedly, it may also depend on the tails of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Jiaqi Wang , Gennady Samorodnitsky

We establish functional limit theorems for ergodic sums of observables with power singularities for expanding circle maps. In the regime where the observables have infinite variance, we show that when rescaled by $N^{1/s}(\ln N)^\alpha$,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Dmitry Dolgopyat , Sixu Liu

Recent theoretical studies have shown that heavy-tails can emerge in stochastic optimization due to `multiplicative noise', even under surprisingly simple settings, such as linear regression with Gaussian data. While these studies have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-06 Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Yuanhan Hu , Umut Simsekli , Kun Yuan , Lingjiong Zhu

Numerical evaluation of performance measures in heavy-tailed risk models is an important and challenging problem. In this paper, we construct very accurate approximations of such performance measures that provide small absolute and relative…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-28 Eleni Vatamidou , Ivo J. B. F. Adan , Maria Vlasiou , Bert Zwart

We investigate a way of comparing and classifying tails of random variables. Our approach extends the notion of classical indices, such as exponential and moment indices, which are widely used measuring heaviness of tail functions. A…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Jaakko Lehtomaa

The inference of Markov models from data on stochastic dynamical trajectories over the large time-window $T$ is revisited via the Large Deviations at Level 2.5 for the time-empirical density and the time-empirical flows. The goal is to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-01 Cecile Monthus

We consider the long-term behaviour of critical multitype branching processes conditioned on non-extinction, both with respect to the forward and the ancestral processes. Forward in time, we prove a functional limit theorem in the space of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-01 Ellen Baake , Fernando Cordero , Sophia-Marie Mellis , Vitali Wachtel