Related papers: A Note on Generating Almost Pythagorean Triples
In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov's three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$, every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_1,…
To represent positive integers by regular patterns on a plane or in three-dimensional space may be traced back to the Pythagoreans. The aim of the present article is to explore the possibility of extending the representation framework for…
Orthogonal arrays play a fundamental role in many applications. However, constructing orthogonal arrays with the required parameters for an application usually is extremely difficult and, sometimes, even impossible. Hence there is an…
It is shown that Pythagorean triples can be used to generate matrices that have integer eigenvalues for all permutations of their coefficients, via simple formulas. For example, each and every permutation of the $2\times2$ matrix…
A positive definite integral quadratic form is said to be almost (primitively) universal if it (primitively) represents all but at most finitely many positive integers. In general, almost primitive universality is a stronger property than…
Let $\langle A\rangle$ be the numerical semigroup generated by relatively prime positive integers $\{a_1,a_2,...,a_n\}$. The quotient of $\langle A\rangle$ with respect to a positive integer $p$ is defined by $\frac{\langle…
In 1967 the Dutch mathemetician F.J.M. Barning described an infinite, planar, ternary tree*. Seven years later, A. Hall independently discovered the same tree. Both used the method of uni-modular matrices to transform one triple to another.…
We prove that the Pythagoras number of the ring of integers of the compositum of all real quadratic fields is infinite. The same holds for certain infinite totally real cyclotomic fields. In contrast, we construct infinite degree totally…
There are four characteristic circles for each triangle on a plane. All for are tangential to the three straight lines containing the triangles' three sides. Three are exterior circles, the fourth is the in-circle. When the triangle is…
The paper presents a systematic construction of primitive Pythagorean triples. The order of enumeration on the set of primitive Pythagorean triples is defined. The order is based on the representation of a primitive Pythagorean triple by…
In this note we show that in addition to two integers forming a Pythagorean triple, there also exist two irrational numbers in terms of which this Pythagorean triple can also be obtained. We also put forward a relation between these two…
We study the Pythagoras numbers $py(3,2d)$ of real ternary forms, defined for each degree $2d$ as the minimal number $r$ such that every degree $2d$ ternary form which is a sum of squares can be written as the sum of at most $r$ squares of…
In 2001, K\'arolyi, Pach and T\'oth introduced a family of point sets to solve an Erd\H{o}s-Szekeres type problem; which have been used to solve several other Ed\H{o}s-Szekeres type problems. In this paper we refer to these sets as nested…
The notion of almost symmetric numerical semigroup was given by V. Barucci and R. Fr\"oberg. We characterize almost symmetric numerical semigroups by symmetry of pseudo-Frobenius numbers. We give a criterion for $H^*$ (the dual of $M$) to…
Almost $50$ years ago Erd\H{o}s and Purdy asked the following question: Given $n$ points in the plane, how many triangles can be approximate congruent to equilateral triangles? They pointed out that by dividing the points evenly into three…
The concept of approximation gain was introduced recently by M\"uller and Taktikos for some abc-triples related to convergents of surds, where there is a relatively large gap between min{a,b,c} and max{a,b,c}. This note proposes a…
A positive quadratic form is $(k,\ell)$-universal if it represents all the numbers $kx+\ell$ where $x$ is a non-negative integer, and almost $(k,\ell)$-universal if it represents all but finitely many of them. We prove that for any $k,\ell$…
Given relatively prime integers $a_1, \dotsc, a_n$, the Frobenius number $g(a_1, \dotsc, a_n)$ is defined as the largest integer which cannot be expressed as $x_1 a_1 + \dotsb + x_n a_n$ with $x_i$ nonnegative integers. In this article, we…
We give an explicit formula for the $p$-Frobenius number of triples associated with Diophantine equations $x^2+y^2=z^r$, that is, the largest positive integer that can only be represented in $p$ ways by combining the three integers of the…
Cylindric algebras, or concept algebras in another name, form an interface between algebra, geometry and logic; they were invented by Alfred Tarski around 1947. We prove that there are 2 to the alpha many varieties of geometric (i.e.,…