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Let $B$ be some invertible Hermitian or skew-Hermitian matrix. A matrix $A$ is called $B$-normal if $AA^\star = A^\star A$ holds for $A$ and its adjoint matrix $A^\star := B^{-1}A^HB$. In addition, a matrix $Q$ is called $B$-unitary, if…

A symmetric ideal is an ideal in a polynomial ring which is stable under all permutations of the variables. In this paper we initiate a global study of zero-dimensional symmetric ideals. By this we mean a geometric study of the invariant…

Sparse non-Hermitian random matrices arise in the study of disordered physical systems with asymmetric local interactions, and have applications ranging from neural networks to ecosystem dynamics. The spectral characteristics of these…

The spectral envelope S(F) of a subset of integers is the set of probability measures on the circle group that are weak star limits of squared moduli of trigonometric polynomials with frequencies in F. Fourier transforms of these measures…

We investigate the passivity constraints on the relations between transmission, reflection, and absorption eigenvalues in linear time-invariant systems. Using techniques from matrix analysis, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions…

The independence number of a square matrix $A$, denoted by $\alpha(A)$, is the maximum order of its principal zero submatrices. Let $S_n^{+}$ be the set of $n\times n$ nonnegative symmetric matrices with zero trace. Denote by $J_n$ the…

We study $m \times n$ matrices whose columns are of the form \[\{(a_{1j},\ldots, a_{nj}): \quad a_{1j} = \lambda_j,\ a_{ij} = \pm\lambda_j\ , \ \lambda_j >0 ,\ j=1,2,\ldots,n\}.\] We explicitly construct for all $a = (a_1,\ldots,…

We show the existence of a unital subalgebra of the symmetric group algebra linearly spanned by sums of permutations with a common peak set, which we call the peak algebra. We show that this algebra is the image of the descent algebra of…

The paper gives a thorough introduction to spectra of digraphs via its Hermitian adjacency matrix. This matrix is indexed by the vertices of the digraph, and the entry corresponding to an arc from $x$ to $y$ is equal to the complex unity…

We study the limiting spectral measure of large random Helson matrices and large random matrices of certain patterned structures. Given a real random variable $X \in L^{2+ \varepsilon}(\mathbb{P}) $ for some $\varepsilon > 0$ and…

The product of a complex skew-symmetric matrix and its conjugate transpose is a positive semi-definite Hermitian matrix with nonnegative eigenvalues, with a property that each distinct positive eigenvalue has even multiplicity. This…

Let C be a real nonsingular affine curve of genus one, embedded in affine n-space, whose set of real points is compact. For any polynomial f which is nonnegative on C(R), we prove that there exist polynomials f_i with f \equiv \sum_i f_i^2…

Tubal scalars are usual vectors, and tubal matrices are matrices with every element being a tubal scalar. Such a matrix is often recognized as a third-order tensor. The product between tubal scalars, tubal vectors, and tubal matrices can be…

The aim of this work is to characterize linear maps of inner pro\-duct infinite-dimensional vector spaces where the Moore-Penrose inverse exists. This MP inverse generalizes the well-known Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix $A\in…

Let $Q_n=[0,1]^n$ be the unit cube in ${\mathbb R}^n$ and let $C(Q_n)$ be a space of continuous functions $f:Q_n\to{\mathbb R}$ with the norm $\|f\|_{C(Q_n)}:=\max_{x\in Q_n}|f(x)|.$ By $\Pi_1\left({\mathbb R}^n\right)$ denote a set of…

The Horn inequalities characterise the possible spectra of triples of $n$-by-$n$ Hermitian matrices $A+B=C$. We study integral inequalities that arise as limits of Horn inequalities as $n \to \infty$. These inequalities are parametrised by…

A $d$-dimensional matrix is called \emph{$1$-polystochastic} if it is non-negative and the sum over each line equals~$1$. Such a matrix that has a single $1$ in each line and zeros elsewhere is called a \emph{$1$-permutation} matrix. A…

Given a positive noncommutative polynomial $f$, equivalently a sum of Hermitian squares (SOHS), there exists a positive semidefinite Gram matrix that encrypts all the structural essence of $f$. There are no available methods for extending a…

Let $1 \leq m < s \leq n$ and let $A \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ be a Borel set of with $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure $\mathcal{H}^s(A) > 0$. The classical Marstrand slicing theorem states that, for almost every $m$-dimensional subspace $V…

We study the existence and construction of circulant matrices $C$ of order $n\geq2$ with diagonal entries $d\geq0$, off-diagonal entries $\pm1$ and mutually orthogonal rows. These matrices generalize circulant conference ($d=0$) and…