Related papers: Early formed astrophysical objects and cosmologica…
The existence of large domains of antimatter is still an open question. Some space mission and experiments in the near future are expected to give reasonable answer to that question. Meanwhile, we can try to search for other signatures of…
How much dust can be produced in the early Universe? Does dust production depend on the average heavy-metal content of the hosting galaxy? Considering supernova explosions, massive stars (Wolf-Rayet, LBV and RSG), and relatively massive AGB…
Over the past few decades, a consensus picture has emerged in which roughly a quarter of the universe consists of dark matter. I begin with a review of the observational evidence for the existence of dark matter: rotation curves of…
A brief overview on the current status of the census of the early universe population is given. Observational surveys of high redshift galaxies provide direct opportunities to witness the cosmic dawn and to have better understanding of how…
Deep surveys in many wavebands have shown that the rate at which stars were forming was at least a factor of 10 higher at z > 1 than today. Heavy elements (metals) are produced by stars, and the star formation history deduced by these…
During its first ~100,000 years, the universe was a fully ionized plasma with a tight coupling by Thompson scattering between the photons and matter. The trade--off between gravitational collapse and photon pressure causes acoustic…
Observations now probe the star formation history of the Universe back to a redshift of $z\sim5$. We investigate whether the predictions of semi-analytic models of galaxy formation based on hierarchical Cold Dark Matter (CDM) type models…
Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest and densest stellar systems in the Universe, yet how they form remains a mystery. Here we present a suite of cosmological simulations in which both dark-matter-free GCs and dark-matter-rich dwarf…
The large-scale structure of the Universe formed from initially small perturbations in the cosmic density field, leading to galaxy clusters with up to 10^15 Msun at the present day. Here, we review the formation of structures in the…
The formation of the first stars and quasars marks the transition between the smooth initial state and the clumpy current state of the Universe. In popular CDM cosmologies, the first sources of light started to form at a redshift z=30 and…
I review some recent progress made in our understanding of galaxy evolution and the cosmic history of star formation. Like bookends, the results obtained from deep ground-based spectroscopy and from the Hubble Deep Field imaging survey put…
A better understanding of the formation of large-scale structure in the Universe is arguably the most pressing question in cosmology. The most compelling and promising theoretical paradigm, Inflation + Cold Dark Matter, holds that the…
Several planets have recently been discovered around old metal-poor stars, implying that these planets are also old, formed in the early Universe. The canonical theory suggests that the conditions for their formation could not have existed…
The whole set of astrophysical data indicates that our Universe is globally baryon asymmetrical. Nevertheless a possibility of existence of relatively small amount of sufficiently large antimatter regions is not excluded. Such regions can…
A recent observation of Steidel et al. indicates that a substantial fraction of giant galaxies were formed at an epoch as early as redshift $z>3-3.5$. We show that this early formation of giant galaxies gives strong constraints on models of…
Observations made using large ground-based and space-borne telescopes have probed cosmic history all the way from the present-day to a time when the Universe was less than a tenth of its present age. Earlier on lies the remaining frontier,…
In recent years, unprecedented progress in observational cosmology has revealed a great deal of information about the formation and evolution of structures in the universe. This, in turn, has raised many challenging issues for the…
Sensitive optical surveys have revealed a large population of `faint blue galaxies' which are believed to be young galaxies, observed close to their time of formation. But there has been considerable uncertainty regarding the epochs at…
In the context of the standard model of particle physics, there is a definite upper limit to the density of stable compact stars. However, if there is a deeper layer of constituents, below that of quarks and leptons, stability may be…
In the early Universe finding massive galaxies that have stopped forming stars present an observational challenge as their rest-frame ultraviolet emission is negligible and they can only be reliably identified by extremely deep…