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For a graph $G$ in which vertices are either black or white, a zero forcing process is an iterative vertex color changing process such that the only white neighbor of a black vertex becomes black in the next time step. A zero forcing set is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Hau-Yi Lin , Wu-Hsiung Lin , Gerard Jennhwa Chang

In this paper we compare the brushing number of a graph with the zero-forcing number of its line graph. We prove that the zero-forcing number of the line graph is an upper bound for the brushing number by constructing a brush configuration…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Aras Erzurumluoglu , David Pike , Karen Meagher

The \emph{zero forcing number} $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $S$ of black vertices (whereas vertices in $V(G)\setminusS$ are colored white) such that $V(G)$ is turned black after finitely many applications of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-20 Cong X. Kang , Eunjeong Yi

A forcing set for a perfect matching of a graph is defined as a subset of the edges of that perfect matching such that there exists a unique perfect matching containing it. A complete forcing set for a graph is a subset of its edges, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Javad B. Ebrahimi , Aref Nemayande , Elahe Tohidi

Connections between vital linkages and zero forcing are established. Specifically, the notion of a rigid linkage is introduced as a special kind of unique linkage and it is shown that spanning forcing paths of a zero forcing process form a…

A strong clique in a graph is a clique intersecting all inclusion-maximal stable sets. Strong cliques play an important role in the study of perfect graphs. We study strong cliques in the class of diamond-free graphs, from both structural…

While a number of bounds are known on the zero forcing number $Z(G)$ of a graph $G$ expressed in terms of the order of a graph and maximum or minimum degree, we present two bounds that are related to the (upper) total domination number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-12 Boštjan Brešar , María Gracia Cornet , Tanja Dravec , Michael Henning

Reconfiguration graphs provide a way to represent relationships among solutions to a problem, and have been studied in many contexts. We investigate the reconfiguration graphs corresponding to minimum PSD forcing sets and minimum skew…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Novi Bong , Mary Flagg , Mark Hunnell , John Hutchens , Ryan Moruzzi , Houston Schuerger , Ben Small

We study cliques in graphs arising from quadratic forms where the vertices are the elements of the module of the quadratic form and two vertices are adjacent if their difference represents some fixed scalar. We determine structural…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Nico Lorenz , Marc Christian Zimmermann

Let $G$ be a graph that admits a perfect matching. A {\sf forcing set} for a perfect matching $M$ of $G$ is a subset $S$ of $M$, such that $S$ is contained in no other perfect matching of $G$. This notion originally arose in chemistry in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-03-17 Peyman Afshani , Hamed Hatami , Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian

We provide a characterization of the compressed lattice polytopes in terms of their facet defining inequalities and we show that every compressed lattice polytope is affinely isomorphic to a 0/1-polytope. As an application, we characterize…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Seth Sullivant

Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with the ultimate goal of changing the colour of all the vertices at minimal cost. Originally this game was conceived as a one player game, but later a two-player version was devised…

The zero forcing process is an iterative graph colouring process in which at each time step a coloured vertex with a single uncoloured neighbour can force this neighbour to become coloured. A zero forcing set of a graph is an initial set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Sean English , Calum MacRury , Paweł Prałat

A k-clique covering of a simple graph G, is an edge covering of G by its cliques such that each vertex is contained in at most k cliques. The smallest k for which G admits a k-clique covering is called local clique cover number of G and is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-26 Ramin Javadi , Zeinab Maleki , Behnaz Omoomi

In this paper, we demonstrate a useful interaction between the theory of clique partitions, edge clique covers of a graph, and the spectra of graphs. Using a clique partition and an edge clique cover of a graph we introduce the notion of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Shaun Fallat , Seyed Ahmad Mojallal

A graph in which all minimal zero forcing sets are in fact minimum size is called ``well-forced." This paper characterizes well-forced trees and presents an algorithm for determining which trees are well-forced. Additionally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Cheryl Grood , Ruth Haas , Bonnie Jacob , Erika King , Shahla Nasserasr

We study the behaviour of clique complexes of graphs under the operation of taking graph powers. As an example we compute the clique complexes of powers of cycles, or, in other words, the independence complexes of circular complete graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Michal Adamaszek

Clique-width is a well-known graph parameter. Many NP-hard graph problems admit polynomial-time solutions when restricted to graphs of bounded clique-width. The same holds for NLC-width. In this paper we study the behavior of clique-width…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Frank Gurski

We present an informal survey (meant to accompany another paper) on graph compression methods. We focus on lossless methods, briefly list available pproaches, and compare them where possible or give some indicators on their compression…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Sebastian Maneth , Fabian Peternek

In this paper, we showcase the process of using an automated conjecturing program called \emph{TxGraffiti} written and maintained by the second author. We begin by proving a conjecture formulated by \emph{TxGraffiti} that for a claw-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Boris Brimkov , Randy Davila , Houston Schuerger , Michael Young