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The graph $G$ is said to be strongly regular with parameters $(n,k,\lambda,\mu)$ if the following conditions hold: (1) each vertex has $k$ neighbours; (2) any two adjacent vertices of $G$ have $\lambda$ common neighbours; (3) any two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Jeepamol J Palathingal , Aparna Lakshmanan S , Greg Markowsky

Equivariant Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant success across various applications. To achieve completeness -- that is, the universal approximation property over the space of equivariant functions -- the network must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiacheng Cen , Anyi Li , Ning Lin , Tingyang Xu , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Zihe Wang , Wenbing Huang

We formulate the notion of an isomorphism of GKM graphs. We then show that two GKM graphs have isomorphic graph equivariant cohomology algebras if and only if the graphs are isomorphic.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Matthias Franz , Hitoshi Yamanaka

Graph embeddings have emerged as a powerful tool for representing complex network structures in a low-dimensional space, enabling the use of efficient methods that employ the metric structure in the embedding space as a proxy for the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Radosław Nowak , Adam Małkowski , Daniel Cieślak , Piotr Sokół , Paweł Wawrzyński

The (proper) power graph of a group is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all (nontrivial) elements of the group and two distinct vertices are adjacent if one is a power of the other. Various kinds of planarity of (proper) power graphs…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-07 Alireza Doostabadi , Mohammad Farrokhi Derakhshandeh Ghouchan

We introduce an equivalence relation, called stable equivalence, on knot diagrams and closed curves on surfaces. We give bijections between the set of abstract knots, the set of virtual knots, and the set of the stable equivalence classes…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Scott Carter , Seiichi Kamada , Masahico Saito

A \emph{temporal graph} is, informally speaking, a graph that changes with time. When time is discrete and only the relationships between the participating entities may change and not the entities themselves, a temporal graph may be viewed…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Othon Michail

Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson have recently shown that the computation of the equivariant cohomology ring of a G-manifold can be reduced to a computation in graph theory. This opens up the possibility that many of the fundamental…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Victor Guillemin , Catalin Zara

We show that diagrammatic sets, a topologically sound alternative to polygraphs and strict $\omega$-categories, admit an internal notion of equivalence in the sense of coinductive weak invertibility. We prove that equivalences have the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Clémence Chanavat , Amar Hadzihasanovic

The effective field theory (EFT) framework is a precise approximation procedure when the inherent assumptions of a large-scale separation between the Standard Model (SM) and new interactions alongside perturbativity are realised.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-03-22 Upalaparna Banerjee , Joydeep Chakrabortty , Christoph Englert , Wrishik Naskar , Shakeel Ur Rahaman , Michael Spannowsky

In this brief communication, we investigate the cospectral as well integral chain graphs for Seidel matrix, a key component to study the structural properties of equiangular lines in space. We derive a formula that allows to generate an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-02 Santanu Mandal

We consider a graph with colored edges. A trail (vertices may repeat but not edges) is called \emph{alternating} when successive edges have different colors. Given a set of vertices called \emph{terminals}, the \emph{alternating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Amitava Bhattacharya , Uri N. Peled , Murali K. Srinivasan

This paper introduces a new model to learn graph neural networks equivariant to rotations, translations, reflections and permutations called E(n)-Equivariant Graph Neural Networks (EGNNs). In contrast with existing methods, our work does…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Victor Garcia Satorras , Emiel Hoogeboom , Max Welling

We study cospectral vertices on finite graphs in relation to the echolocation problem on Riemannian manifolds. First, We prove a computationally simple criterion to determine whether two vertices are cospectral. Then, we use this criterion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-22 Shi-Lei Kong , Emmett L. Wyman , Yakun Xi

This article reviews some recent progress in our understanding of the structure of Rational Conformal Field Theories, based on ideas that originate for a large part in the work of A. Ocneanu. The consistency conditions that generalize…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Valentina Petkova , Jean-Bernard Zuber

Financial transactions can be considered edges in a heterogeneous graph between entities sending money and entities receiving money. For financial institutions, such a graph is likely large (with millions or billions of edges) while also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 C. Bayan Bruss , Anish Khazane , Jonathan Rider , Richard Serpe , Antonia Gogoglou , Keegan E. Hines

Total irregularity of a simple undirected graph $G$ is defined to be $irr_t(G) = \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{u, v \in V(G)}|d(u) - d(v)|$. See Abdo and Dimitrov [2]. We allocate the \emph{Fibonacci weight,} $f_i$ to a vertex $v_j$ of a simple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-13 Johan Kok

A graph short-time Fourier transform is defined using the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian and a graph heat kernel as a window parametrized by a non-negative time parameter $t$. We show that the corresponding Gabor-like system forms a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Martin Buck , Kasso Okoudjou

Incorporating symmetry as an inductive bias into neural network architecture has led to improvements in generalization, data efficiency, and physical consistency in dynamics modeling. Methods such as CNNs or equivariant neural networks use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Rui Wang , Robin Walters , Rose Yu

In this paper we argue that a firewall is simply a manifestation of an inconsistent truncation of non-perturbative effects that unitarize the semiclassical black hole. Namely, we show that a naive truncation of quantum corrections to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 Cristiano Germani , Debajyoti Sarkar