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Cosmic rays from multiwavelength observations of the Galactic diffuse emission

Cosmic rays (CRs) generate diffuse emission while interacting with the Galactic magnetic field (B-field), the interstellar gas and the radiation field. This diffuse emission extends from radio, microwaves, through X-rays, to high-energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Elena Orlando

Simulation of the Cosmic Ray Moon Shadow in the Geomagnetic field

An accurate MonteCarlo simulation of the deficit of primary cosmic rays in the direction of the Moon has been developed to interpret the observations reported in the TeV energy region until now. Primary particles are propagated trough the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-03-04 G. Di Sciascio , R. Iuppa

Cosmic voids: a novel probe to shed light on our Universe

Cosmic voids, the less dense patches of the Universe, are promising laboratories to extract cosmological information. Thanks to their unique low density character, voids are extremely sensitive to diffuse components such as neutrinos and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-14 Alice Pisani , Elena Massara , David N. Spergel , David Alonso , Tessa Baker , Yan-Chuan Cai , Marius Cautun , Christopher Davies , Vasiliy Demchenko , Olivier Doré , Andy Goulding , Mélanie Habouzit , Nico Hamaus , Adam Hawken , Christopher M. Hirata , Shirley Ho , Bhuvnesh Jain , Christina D. Kreisch , Federico Marulli , Nelson Padilla , Giorgia Pollina , Martin Sahlén , Ravi K. Sheth , Rachel Somerville , Istvan Szapudi , Rien van de Weygaert , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro , Benjamin D. Wandelt , Yun Wang

Monitoring the daily variation of Sun-Earth magnetic fields using galactic cosmic rays

The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) between the Sun and Earth is an extension of the solar magnetic field carried by the solar wind into interplanetary space. Monitoring variations in the IMF upstream of the Earth would provide very…

Space Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 The LHAASO Collaboration , C. W. Jiang , Y. Yang

Detecting UHE Cosmics & Neutrinos off the Moon; an Optimal Radio Window

We show that at wavelengths comparable to the length of the shower produced by an Ultra-High Energy cosmic ray or neutrino, radio signals are an extremely efficient way to detect these particles. Through an example it is shown that this new…

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Earth's albedo variations 1998-2014 as measured from ground-based earthshine observations

The Earth's albedo is a fundamental climate parameter for understanding the radiation budget of the atmosphere. It has been traditionally measured from space platforms, but also from the ground for sixteen years from Big Bear Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 E Palle , PR Goode , P Pilar Montanes-Rodriguez , A Shumko , B Gonzalez-Merino , C Martinez Lombilla , F Jimenez-Ibarra , S Shumko , E Sanroma , A Hulist , P Miles-Paez , F Murgas , G Nowak , SE Koonin

Direct detection of cosmic rays: through a new era of precision measurements of particle fluxes

In the last years the direct measurement of cosmic rays received a push forward by the possibility of conducting experiments on board long duration balloon flights, satellites and on the International Space Station. The increase in the…

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High energy cosmic ray self-confinement close to extragalactic sources

The ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed at the Earth are most likely accelerated in extra-galactic sources. For the typical luminosities invoked for such sources, the electric current associated to the flux of cosmic rays that leave them…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-10-07 P. Blasi , E. Amato , M. D'Angelo

Declination dependence of the cosmic-ray flux at extreme energies

We study the large-scale distribution of the arrival directions of the highest energy cosmic rays observed by various experiments. Despite clearly insufficient statistics, we find a deficit of cosmic rays at energies higher than 10^{20} eV…

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Measuring the Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux with the LISA Pathfinder Radiation Monitor

Test mass charging caused by cosmic rays will be a significant source of acceleration noise for space-based gravitational wave detectors like LISA. Operating between December 2015 and July 2017, the technology demonstration mission LISA…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 M Armano , H Audley , J Baird , P Binetruy , M Born , D Bortoluzzi , E Castelli , A Cavalleri , A Cesarini , M Cruise , K Danzmann , M de Deus Silva , I Diepholz , G Dixon , R Dolesi , L Ferraioli , V Ferroni , N Finetti , E D Fitzsimons , M Freschi , L Gesa , F Gibert , D Giardini , R Giusteri , C Grimani , J Grzymisch , I Harrison , G Heinzel , M Hewitson , D Hollington , D Hoyland , M Hueller , H Inchauspe , O Jennrich , P Jetzer , N Karnesis , B Kaune , N Korsakova , C J Killow , J A Lobo , I Lloro , L Liu , J P Lopez-Zaragoza , R Maarschalkerweerd , D Mance , N Meshskar , V Martin , L Martin-Polo , J Martino , F Martin-Porqueras , I Mateos , P W McNamara , J Mendes , L Mendes , M Nofrarias , S Paczkowski , M Perreur-Lloyd , A Petiteau , P Pivato , E Plagnol , J Ramos-Castro , J Reiche , D I Robertson , F Rivas , G Russano , J Slutsky , C F Sopuerta , T Sumner , D Texier , J I Thorpe , D Vetrugno , S Vitale , G Wanner , H Ward , P Wass , W J Weber , L Wissel , A Wittchen , P Zweifel

Anisotropy and Corotation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The intensity of Galactic cosmic rays is nearly isotropic because of the influence of magnetic fields in the Milky Way. Here, we present two-dimensional high-precision anisotropy measurement for energies from a few to several hundred…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 gamma Collaboration , M. Amenomori

On the Observation of the Cosmic Ray Anisotropy below 10$^{15}$ eV

The measurement of the anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic rays is complementary to the study of their energy spectrum and chemical composition to understand their origin and propagation. It is also a tool to probe the structure…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-07-09 G. Di Sciascio , R. Iuppa

Cosmic Ray Antiprotons

Cosmic ray antiprotons have been detected for over 20 years and are now measured reliably. Standard particle and astrophysics predict a conventional spectrum and abundance of secondary antiprotons consistent with all current measurements.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Dallas C. Kennedy

Energy calibration of LHAASO-KM2A using the cosmic ray Moon shadow

We present a precise measurement of the westward, rigidity-dependent shift of the Moon's shadow using three and a half years of cosmic-ray data collected by the Kilometer Square Array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-08 Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo , Faisal Akram

Detecting cosmic rays of the highest energies

Charged cosmic rays have been measured up to macroscopic energies. Concerning neutrinos, the detection is still limited to terrestrial ones (apart from supernova production). A new way to search for extragalactic neutrinos is discussed.

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Vannucci

Moon and Sun Shadowing Observed by the MACRO Detector

Using over 40 million muons collected since 1989 by the MACRO detector we have searched for a depletion of muons coming from the direction of the Moon due to primary cosmic rays striking the Moon. We observe this Moon shadow in the expected…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 N. Giglietto

Glancing views of the Earth. From a lunar eclipse to an exoplanetary transit

It has been posited that lunar eclipse observations may help predict the in-transit signature of Earth-like extrasolar planets. However, a comparative analysis of the two phenomena addressing in detail the transport of stellar light through…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 A. García Muñoz , M. R. Zapatero Osorio , R. Barrena , P. Montañés-Rodríguez , E. L. Martín , E. Pallé

The Cosmic Ray Intensity Near the Archean Earth

We employ three-dimensional state of the art magnetohydrodynamic models of the early solar wind and heliosphere and a two-dimensional model for cosmic ray transport to investigate the cosmic ray spectrum and flux near the Archean Earth. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 O. Cohen , J. J. Drake , J. Kota

Cosmic Ray Rejection by Linear Filtering of Single Images

We present a convolution-based algorithm for finding cosmic rays in single well-sampled astronomical images. The spatial filter used is the point spread function (approximated by a Gaussian) minus a scaled delta function, and cosmic rays…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 James E. Rhoads

Observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

The ANTARES detector is an undersea neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The search for point-like neutrino sources is one of the main goals of the ANTARES telescope, requiring a reliable method to evaluate the detector angular…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-04 ANTARES Collaboration , A. Albert , M. André , M. Anghinolfi , G. Anton , M. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , J. Aublin , B. Baret , S. Basa , B. Belhorma1 , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , M. Bissinger , J. Boumaaza , M. Bouta , M. C. Bouwhuis , H. Brânzaş , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , A. Capone , L. Caramete , J. Carr , S. Celli , M. Chabab , T. N. Chau , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , A. Coleiro , M. Colomer-Molla , R. Coniglione , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , G. de Wasseige , A. Deschamps , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eber , N. El Khayati , A. Enzenhöfer , A. Ettahiri , P. Fermani , G. Ferrara , F. Filippini , L. Fusco , P. Gay , H. Glotin , R. Gozzini , K. Graf , C. Guidi , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , F. Huang , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , M. de Jong , P. de Jong , M. Jongen , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , N. R. Khan-Chowdhury , A. Kouchner , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Lahmann , R. Le Breton , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , G. Levi , M. Lincetto , D. Lopez-Coto , S. Loucatos , G. Maggi , J. Manczak , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , R. Mele , K. Melis , P. Migliozzi , M. Moser , A. Moussa , R. Muller , L. Nauta , S. Navas , E. Nezri , C. Nielsen , A. Nuñez-Castiñeyra , B. O'Fearraigh , M. Organokov , G. E. Păvălaş , C. Pellegrino , M. Perrin-Terrin , P. Piattelli , C. Poirè , V. Popa , T. Pradier , N. Randazzo , S. Reck , G. Riccobene , A. Romanov , A. Sánchez-Losa , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , J. Schnabe , F. Schüssler , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , B. Strandberg , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , T. Thakore , S. J. Tingay , B. Vallage , V. Van Elewyck , F. Versari , S. Viola , D. Vivolo , J. Wilms , A. Zegarelli , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga