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The maximum likelihood threshold of a statistical model is the minimum number of datapoints required to fit the model via maximum likelihood estimation. In this paper we determine the maximum likelihood thresholds of generic linear…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Daniel Irving Bernstein , Steven J. Gortler , Louis Theran

Most statistical software packages implement numerical strategies for computation of maximum likelihood estimates in random effects models. Little is known, however, about the algebraic complexity of this problem. For the one-way layout…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Elizabeth Gross , Mathias Drton , Sonja Petrović

Mixture models, such as Gaussian mixture models, are widely used in machine learning to represent complex data distributions. A key challenge, especially in high-dimensional settings, is to determine the mixture order and estimate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Srećko Đurašinović , Jean-Bernard Lasserre , Victor Magron

We study the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of linear concentration models in algebraic statistics. We relate it to an intersection problem on the variety of complete quadrics. This allows us to provide an explicit, basic, albeit of high…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Mateusz Michałek , Leonid Monin , Jarosław Wiśniewski

Consider the Gaussian sequence model under the additional assumption that a fixed fraction of the means is known. We study the problem of variance estimation from a frequentist Bayesian perspective. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Gianluca Finocchio , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

We study multivariate Gaussian statistical models whose maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is a rational function of the observed data. We establish a one-to-one correspondence between such models and the solutions to a nonlinear…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Carlos Améndola , Lukas Gustafsson , Kathlén Kohn , Orlando Marigliano , Anna Seigal

Due to its heavy-tailed and fully parametric form, the multivariate generalized Gaussian distribution (MGGD) has been receiving much attention for modeling extreme events in signal and image processing applications. Considering the…

Applications · Statistics 2017-02-27 F. Pascal , L. Bombrun , J. Y. Tourneret , Y. Berthoumieu

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Iordanis Kerenidis , Alessandro Luongo , Anupam Prakash

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) are asymptotically normally distributed, and this property is used in meta-analyses to test the heterogeneity of estimates, either for a single cluster or for several sub-groups. More recently, MLEs for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-28 Anthony J. Webster

Relational models for contingency tables are generalizations of log-linear models, allowing effects associated with arbitrary subsets of cells in a possibly incomplete table, and not necessarily containing the overall effect. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-01 Anna Klimova , Tamás Rudas

Expectation Maximization (EM) is among the most popular algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation, but it is generally only guaranteed to find its stationary points of the log-likelihood objective. The goal of this article is to present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Ji Xu , Daniel Hsu , Arian Maleki

Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is widely used in statistics. The h-likelihood has been proposed as an extension of Fisher's likelihood to statistical models including unobserved latent variables of recent interest. Its advantage is that…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-21 Jeongseop Han , Youngjo Lee , Jae Kwang Kim

We import the algebro-geometric notion of a complete collineation into the study of maximum likelihood estimation in directed Gaussian graphical models. A complete collineation produces a perturbation of sample data, which we call a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Gergely Bérczi , Eloise Hamilton , Philipp Reichenbach , Anna Seigal

The Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) serves an important role in statistics and machine learning. In this article, for i.i.d. variables, we obtain constant-specified and sharp concentration inequalities and oracle inequalities for the MLE…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-13 Xiaowei Yang , Xinqiao Liu , Haoyu Wei

The minimum number of observations such that the maximum likelihood estimator in a Gaussian graphical model exists with probability one is called the maximum likelihood threshold of the underlying graph G. The natural algebraic relaxation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Grigoriy Blekherman , Rainer Sinn

Exact MLE for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) is a long-standing problem unsolved until today. The proposed research solves the problem. In this problem, the main difficulty is caused by intractable integrals in the likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-14 Tonglin Zhang

Large-scale Gaussian process models are becoming increasingly important and widely used in many areas, such as, computer experiments, stochastic optimization via simulation, and machine learning using Gaussian processes. The standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-02 Yongxiang Li , Qiang Zhou , Kwok Leung Tsui , Javier Cabrera

Maximum likelihood is the most widely used statistical estimation technique. Recent work by the authors introduced a general methodology for the construction of estimators for functionals in parametric models, and demonstrated improvements…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-09-29 Jiantao Jiao , Kartik Venkat , Yanjun Han , Tsachy Weissman

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) have wide-ranging applications in machine learning, where they are used to enforce the notion of diversity in subset selection problems. Many estimators have been proposed, but surprisingly the basic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Victor-Emmanuel Brunel , Ankur Moitra , Philippe Rigollet , John Urschel

Finite mixture models are among the most popular statistical models used in different data science disciplines. Despite their broad applicability, inference under these models typically leads to computationally challenging non-convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Babak Barazandeh , Meisam Razaviyayn