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There are tradeoffs between current sharing among distributed resources and DC bus voltage stability when conventional droop control is used in DC microgrids. As current sharing approaches the setpoint, bus voltage deviation increases.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Tuyen V. Vu , Dallas Perkins , Fernand Diaz , David Gonsoulin , Chris S. Edrington , Touria El-Mezyani

This paper deals with distributed control of microgrids composed of storages, generators, renewable energy sources, critical and controllable loads. We consider a stochastic formulation of the optimal control problem associated to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Andrea Camisa , Giuseppe Notarstefano

The share of electronically converted power from renewable sources, loads, and storage is continuously growing in the low- and medium-voltage grids. These sources and loads typically rectify the grid AC to DC, e.g., for a DC link, so that a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Ehsan Asadi , Davood Keshavarzi , Alexander Koehler , Nima Tashakor , Stefan Goetz

Ensuring the frequency stability of electric grids with increasing renewable resources is a key problem in power system operations. In recent years, a number of advanced controllers have been designed to optimize frequency control. These…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Wenqi Cui , Guanya Shi , Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

A wind farm can provide reactive power at sub-transmission and transmission buses in order to support and improve voltage profiles. It is common for the reactive power capability of a wind farm to be evaluated as the sum of the individual…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-12 Nawaf Nazir , Mads Almassalkhi , Ian Hiskens

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) holds significant promise for managing voltage control challenges in simulated power grid environments. However, its real-world application in power system operations remains underexplored. This study…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-29 Di Shi , Qiang Zhang , Mingguo Hong , Fengyu Wang , Slava Maslennikov , Xiaochuan Luo , Yize Chen

We consider the problem of distributed secondary frequency regulation in power networks such that stability and an optimal power allocation are attained. This is a problem that has been widely studied in the literature, and two main control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Andreas Kasis , Nima Monshizadeh , Ioannis Lestas

Due to various green initiatives, renewable energy will be massively incorporated into the future smart grid. However, the intermittency of the renewables may result in power imbalance, thus adversely affecting the stability of a power…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-10-06 Albert Y. S. Lam , Ka-Cheong Leung , Victor O. K. Li

To reduce CO2 emissions and tackle increasing fuel costs, the aviation industry is swiftly moving towards the electrification of aircraft. From the viewpoint of systems and control, a key challenge brought by this transition corresponds to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Wasif H. Syed , Juan E. Machado , Hans Würfel , Ekrem Hanli , Johannes Schiffer

The effective way of energy transmission plays a key factor in improving the overall transmission systems efficiency. Many methods are proposed to control the reactive power flow, voltage fluctuations and power factor improvement, The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-06 Appalabathula Venkatesh , Shankar Nalinakshan , S S Kiran , Pradeepa H

Due to the increasing popularity of DC loads and the potential for higher efficiency, DC microgrids are gaining significant attention. DC microgrids utilize multiple parallel converters to deliver sufficient power to the load. However, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Naser Souri , Ali Mehrizi-Sani

Uncertainty from renewable energy and loads is one of the major challenges for stable grid operation. Various approaches have been explored to remedy these uncertainties. In this paper, we design centralized or decentralized state-feedback…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Ahmad F. Taha , Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Sebastian Nugroho , Nikolaos Gatsis , Junjian Qi

Voltage control devices are employed in power distribution systems to reduce the power consumption by operating the system closer to the lower acceptable voltage limits; this technique is called conservation voltage reduction (CVR). The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-27 Rahul Ranjan Jha , Anamika Dubey , Kevin P. Schneider

This paper focuses on the effective use of smart inverters for Volt/Var control (VVC) on a distribution system. New smart inverters offer Var support capability but for their effective use they need to be coordinated with existing Volt/Var…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Valliappan Muthukaruppan , Yue Shi , Mesut Baran

Modern low-carbon power systems come with many challenges, such as increased inverter penetration and increased uncertainty from renewable sources and loads. In this context, the microgrid concept is a promising approach, which is based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 E. D. Gomez Anccas , C. A. Hans , D. Schulz

This paper studies the problem of frequency regulation in power grids under unknown and possible time-varying load changes, while minimizing the generation costs. We formulate this problem as an output agreement problem for distribution…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Sebastian Trip , Mathias Bürger , Claudio De Persis

Grid-interfacing inverters act as the interface between renewable resources and the electric grid, and have the potential to offer fast and programmable controls compared to synchronous generators. With this flexibility there has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

The power interactions of any component in electric energy systems with the rest of the system happen naturally, as governed by the energy conservation principles. There may, however, occur instances when the rate at which power gets…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Rupamathi Jaddivada , Marija D. Ilic

To mitigate the vulnerability of distribution grids to severe weather events, some electric utilities use preemptive de-energization as the primary line of defense, causing significant power outages. In such instances, networked microgrids…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-05 Hannah Moring , Harsha Nagarajan , Kshitij Girigoudar , David M. Fobes , Johanna L. Mathieu

The Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach is used in this paper to control the voltage profiles in MV networks with distributed generation. The proposed algorithm lies at the intermediate level of a three-layer hierarchical structure. At…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Marcello Farina , Antonio Guagliardi , Federico Mariani , Carlo Sandroni , Riccardo Scattolini