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Quantum k-SAT (the problem of determining whether a k-local Hamiltonian is frustration-free) is known to be QMA_1-complete for k >= 3, and hence likely hard for quantum computers to solve. Building on a classical result of Alon and Shapira,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Ashley Montanaro , Changpeng Shao , Dominic Verdon

The Quantum k-SAT problem is the quantum generalization of the k-SAT problem. It is the problem whether a given local Hamiltonian is frustration-free. Frustration-free means that the ground state of the k-local Hamiltonian minimizes the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Simon-Luca Kremer , Dorian Rudolph , Sevag Gharibian

The question of whether the complexity class P is equal to the complexity class NP has been a seemingly intractable problem for over 4 decades. It has been clear that if an algorithm existed that would solve the problems in the NP class in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-06-04 Jason W. Steinmetz

Classical satisfiability (SAT) and quantum satisfiability (QSAT) are complete problems for the complexity classes NP and QMA which are believed to be intractable for classical and quantum computers, respectively. Statistical ensembles of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , C. R. Laumann , S. L. Sondhi

We present a new way of encoding a quantum computation into a 3-local Hamiltonian. Our construction is novel in that it does not include any terms that induce legal-illegal clock transitions. Therefore, the weights of the terms in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daniel Nagaj , Shay Mozes

The problem of P vs. NP is very serious, and solutions to the problem can help save lives. This article is an attempt at solving the problem using a computer algorithm. It is presented in a fashion that will hopefully allow for easy…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Matt Groff

In recent years, quantum annealing has gained the status of being a promising candidate for solving various optimization problems. Using a set of hard 2-satisfiabilty (2-SAT) problems, consisting of upto 18-variables problems, we analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-09 Vrinda Mehta , Fengping Jin , Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen

For each integer $n$ we present an explicit formulation of a compact linear program, with $O(n^3)$ variables and constraints, which determines the satisfiability of any 2SAT formula with $n$ boolean variables by a single linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-19 David Avis , Hans Raj Tiwary

Any satisfiability problem in conjunctive normal form can be solved in polynomial time by reducing it to a 3-sat formulation and transforming this to a Linear Complementarity problem (LCP) which is then solved as a linear program (LP). Any…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Giacomo Patrizi

The local Hamiltonian (LH) problem is the canonical $\mathsf{QMA}$-complete problem introduced by Kitaev. In this paper, we show its hardness in a very strong sense: we show that the 3-local Hamiltonian problem on $n$ qubits cannot be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nai-Hui Chia , Atsuya Hasegawa , François Le Gall , Yu-Ching Shen

The Deutsch model of quantum computation is extended to allow for thermodynamically irreversible operations by allowing the system of interest to interact with an outside reservoir. A set of irreversible logical error correction…

General Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Zachary B. Walters

A new quantum algorithm is proposed to solve Satisfiability(SAT) problems by taking advantage of non-unitary transformation in ground state quantum computer. The energy gap scale of the ground state quantum computer is analyzed for 3-bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Wenjin Mao

I describe one quantum approach to solving 3-satisfiability (3-SAT), the well known problem in computer science. The approach is based on repeatedly measuring the truth value of the clauses forming the 3-SAT proposition using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-03 Simon Benjamin

This paper refutes the validity of the polynomial-time algorithm for solving satisfiability proposed by Sergey Gubin. Gubin introduces the algorithm using 3-SAT and eventually expands it to accept a broad range of forms of the Boolean…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-04-18 Ian Christopher , Dennis Huo , Bryan Jacobs

We introduce the problem of finding a satisfying assignment to a CNF formula that must further belong to a prescribed input subspace. Equivalent formulations of the problem include finding a point outside a union of subspaces (the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Vikraman Arvind , Venkatesan Guruswami

The constraint satisfaction problems k-SAT and Quantum k-SAT (k-QSAT) are canonical NP-complete and QMA_1-complete problems (for k>=3), respectively, where QMA_1 is a quantum generalization of NP with one-sided error. Whereas k-SAT has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Marco Aldi , Niel de Beaudrap , Sevag Gharibian , Seyran Saeedi

NP-Complete problems have an important attribute that if one NP-Complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, all NP-Complete problems will have a polynomial solution. The 3-CNF-SAT problem is a NP-Complete problem and the primary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Belal Qasemi

The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) is of central importance in both theory and practice. Yet, most provable guarantees for quantum algorithms rely exclusively on Grover-type methods that cap the possible advantage at only quadratic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Franz J. Schreiber , Maximilian J. Kramer , Alexander Nietner , Jens Eisert

Let $A$ be a random $m\times n$ matrix over the finite field $F_q$ with precisely $k$ non-zero entries per row and let $y\in F_q^m$ be a random vector chosen independently of $A$. We identify the threshold $m/n$ up to which the linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-28 Peter Ayre , Amin Coja-Oghlan , Pu Gao , Noëla Müller

We give a quantum algorithm to exactly solve certain problems in combinatorial optimization, including weighted MAX-2-SAT as well as problems where the objective function is a weighted sum of products of Ising variables, all terms of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-20 M. B. Hastings