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Characterising quantum processes is a key task in and constitutes a challenge for the development of quantum technologies, especially at the noisy intermediate scale of today's devices. One method for characterising processes is randomised…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Ingo Roth , Richard Kueng , Shelby Kimmel , Yi-Kai Liu , David Gross , Jens Eisert , Martin Kliesch

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography.…

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

We present measurements of single-qubit gate errors for a superconducting qubit. Results from quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are compared with gate errors obtained from a double pi pulse experiment. Randomized…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-03-08 J. M. Chow , J. M. Gambetta , L. Tornberg , Jens Koch , Lev S. Bishop , A. A. Houck , B. R. Johnson , L. Frunzio , S. M. Girvin , R. J. Schoelkopf

The standard randomized benchmarking protocol requires access to often complex operations that are not always directly accessible. Compiler optimization does not always ensure equal sequence length of the directly accessible universal gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Mohsen Mehrani , Kasra Masoudi , Rawad Mezher , Elham Kashefi , Debasis Sadhukhan

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

We introduce a scheme to characterise a qudit T gate that has different noise than a set of Clifford gates. We developed our scheme through representation theory and ring theory to generalise non-Clifford interleaved benchmarking to qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 David Amaro-Alcalá , Barry C. Sanders , Hubert de Guise

We describe how randomized benchmarking can be used to reconstruct the unital part of any trace-preserving quantum map, which in turn is sufficient for the full characterization of any unitary evolution, or more generally, any unital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-12 Shelby Kimmel , Marcus P. da Silva , Colm A. Ryan , Blake R. Johnson , Thomas Ohki

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is a powerful method for determining the error rate of experimental quantum gates. Traditional RB, however, is restricted to gatesets, such as the Clifford group, that form a unitary 2-design. The recently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Jahan Claes , Eleanor Rieffel , Zhihui Wang

We introduce binary randomized benchmarking (BiRB), a protocol that streamlines traditional RB by using circuits consisting almost entirely of i.i.d. layers of gates. BiRB reliably and efficiently extracts the average error rate of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Jordan Hines , Daniel Hothem , Robin Blume-Kohout , Birgitta Whaley , Timothy Proctor

Accurate methods of assessing the performance of quantum gates are extremely important. Quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are the current favored methods. Quantum process tomography gives detailed information, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Austin G. Fowler , D. Sank , J. Kelly , R. Barends , John M. Martinis

As quantum devices scale up, many-body quantum gates and algorithms begin to surpass what is possible to simulate classically. Validation methods which rely on such classical simulation, such as process tomography and randomized…

We investigate randomized benchmarking in a general setting with quantum gates that form a representation, not necessarily an irreducible one, of a finite group. We derive an estimate for the average fidelity, to which experimental data may…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Daniel Stilck França , Anna-Lena Hashagen

We introduce unitary-gate randomized benchmarking (URB) for qudit gates by extending single-and multi-qubit URB to single- and multi-qudit gates. Specifically, we develop a qudit URB procedure that exploits unitary 2-designs. Furthermore,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Mahnaz Jafarzadeh , Ya-Dong Wu , Yuval R. Sanders , Barry C. Sanders

We present a benchmarking protocol for universal quantum computers, achieved through the simulation of random dynamical quantum maps. This protocol provides a holistic assessment of system-wide error rates, encapsulating both gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Prabhat Mishra

As quantum technology matures, the efficient benchmarking of quantum devices remains a key challenge. Although sample-efficient, information-theoretic benchmarking techniques have recently been proposed, there is still a gap in adapting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Ana Silva , Eliska Greplova

Scalable quantum computation in realistic devices requires that precise control can be implemented efficiently in the presence of decoherence and operational errors. We propose a general constructive procedure for designing robust unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-21 Kaveh Khodjasteh , Lorenza Viola

Unitarity randomized benchmarking (URB) is an experimental procedure for estimating the coherence of implemented quantum gates independently of state preparation and measurement errors. These estimates of the coherence are measured by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-17 Bas Dirkse , Jonas Helsen , Stephanie Wehner

In its many variants, randomized benchmarking (RB) is a broadly used technique for assessing the quality of gate implementations on quantum computers. A detailed theoretical understanding and general guarantees exist for the functioning and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Markus Heinrich , Martin Kliesch , Ingo Roth