Related papers: Mystery of the 18th Elephant Solved

We consider in this article an Elephant Random Walk evolving in the plane. Specifically, this is a reinforced stochastic process in which the $n$th step is given by a random rotation of one of the previous steps chosen uniformly at random.…

The Monty Hal problem is an attractive puzzle. It combines simple statement with answers that seem surprising to most audiences. The problem was thoroughly solved over two decades ago. Yet, more recent discussions indicate that the solution…

In this paper, we study the number of moves in a multidimensional elephant random walk with stops. We establish several convergence results for the number of moves, including the law of large numbers and the law of iterated logarithm. Using…

In this note, we study a family of polynomials that appear naturally when analysing the characteristic functions of the one-dimensional elephant random walk. These polynomials depend on a memory parameter $p$ attached to the model. For…

The Union Closed Sets Conjecture states that in every finite, nontrivial set family closed under taking unions there is an element contained in at least half of all the sets of the family. We investigate two new directions with respect to…

The chronicle of prime numbers travel back thousands of years in human history. Not only the traits of prime numbers have surprised people, but also all those endeavors made for ages to find a pattern in the appearance of prime numbers has…

The "interior goat problem" is a numerical puzzle which has haunted mathematicians for nearly three centuries. Closed-form solutions have only been found for the two-dimensional case, and although approximations have been established for…

The problem of the universal form of the size spectrum is analyzed. The half-widths of two wings of spectrum is introduced and it is shown that their ratio is very close to the golden fraction. In appendix it is shown that behind the golden…

This chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is a survey of some recent results on nests and the orderability problem. The second part consists of results, partial results and open questions, all viewed in the light of nests. From…

There are n people, each of whom is either a knight or a spy. It is known that at least k knights are present, where n/2 < k < n. Knights always tell the truth. We consider both spies who always lie and spies who answer as they see fit.…

In this piece, we examine one variant of the infamous 15 Tile Puzzle and develop a mathematical backing behind why it is unsolvable. Using concepts of permutations, bijectivity, and cycle transpositions, we not only prove how to model this…

The union-closed sets conjecture (Frankl's conjecture) says that for any finite union-closed family of finite sets, other than the family consisting only of the empty set, there exists an element that belongs to at least half of the sets in…

A primitive Heron triangle is a triangle with integral sides and integral area where the greatest common divisor of the lengths of its sides is $1$. By utilizing the theory of elliptic curves, we prove that there exist infinitely many…

We conjecture a Fibonacci-like property on the number of numerical semigroups of a given genus. Moreover we conjecture that the associated quotient sequence approaches the golden ratio. The conjecture is motivated by the results on the…

We discuss a problem initially thought for the Mathematical Olympiad but which has several interpretations. The recurrence sequences involved in this problem may be generalized to recurrence sequences related to a much larger set of…

A puzzle about prisoners trying to identify the color of a hat on their head leads to a version where there are k more hats than prisoners. This generalized puzzle is related to the independence number of the arrangement graph A(m, n) and…

We construct a deformation family for each of the 34 Hilbert series of index 2 Fano 3-folds. In 18 cases we construct two different families, distinguished by the topology of their general members.

The distribution of the sizes of clusters is not continuous, but rather has local maxima. The numbers of atoms of those maxima distribution is called magic numbers. Two methods of determining magic numbers are firstly introduced, followed…

Mr. Smith has two children. Given that at least one of them is a boy, how likely is it that Mr. Smith has two boys? It's a very standard puzzle in elementary books on probability theory. Whoever asks you this question hopes that you will…

A suggestive phenomenological relation is found among the lepton and quark masses which suggests a new insight into the problem of generations and also gives a prediction for the top quark mass in agreement with the range of values which is…