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Mixtures of linear mixed models (MLMMs) are useful for clustering grouped data and can be estimated by likelihood maximization through the EM algorithm. The conventional approach to determining a suitable number of components is to compare…

Applications · Statistics 2014-05-26 Siew Li Tan , David J. Nott

The forward Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a ubiquitous objective for fitting a parameterized distribution to samples due to its tractability and equivalence to maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Its inherent asymmetry, however, may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omri Ben-Dov , Luiz F. O. Chamon

Bayesian networks (BNs) are a foundational model in machine learning and causal inference. Their graphical structure can handle high-dimensional problems, divide them into a sparse collection of smaller ones, underlies Judea Pearl's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Marco Scutari

This paper deals with a method for the approximation of a spectral density function among the solutions of a generalized moment problem a` la Byrnes/Georgiou/Lindquist. The approximation is pursued with respect to the Kullback-Leibler…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2009-11-04 Augusto Ferrante , Federico Ramponi , Francesco Ticozzi

This paper proposes two linear projection methods for supervised dimension reduction using only the first and second-order statistics. The methods, each catering to a different parameter regime, are derived under the general Gaussian model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Biao Chen , Joshua Kortje

In this paper, we delve deeper into the Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence loss and mathematically prove that it is equivalent to the Decoupled Kullback-Leibler (DKL) Divergence loss that consists of 1) a weighted Mean Square Error (wMSE)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Jiequan Cui , Zhuotao Tian , Zhisheng Zhong , Xiaojuan Qi , Bei Yu , Hanwang Zhang

We propose ratio divergence (RD) learning for discrete energy-based models, a method that utilizes both training data and a tractable target energy function. We apply RD learning to restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), which are a minimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Yuichi Ishida , Yuma Ichikawa , Aki Dote , Toshiyuki Miyazawa , Koji Hukushima

In this paper, we delve deeper into the Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence loss and mathematically prove that it is equivalent to the Decoupled Kullback-Leibler (DKL) Divergence loss that consists of (1) a weighted Mean Square Error (wMSE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jiequan Cui , Beier Zhu , Qingshan Xu , Zhuotao Tian , Xiaojuan Qi , Bei Yu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

As the popularity of hierarchical point forecast reconciliation methods increases, there is a growing interest in probabilistic forecast reconciliation. Many studies have utilized machine learning or deep learning techniques to implement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Guanyu Zhang , Feng Li , Yanfei Kang

Variational Inference approximates an unnormalized distribution via the minimization of Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Although this divergence is efficient for computation and has been widely used in applications, it suffers from some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-28 Mingxuan Yi , Song Liu

Aggregation methods have emerged as a powerful and flexible framework in statistical learning, providing unified solutions across diverse problems such as regression, classification, and density estimation. In the context of generalized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-15 The Tien Mai

Generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) is a globally optimal algorithm for mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problems, which are NP-hard and can be widely found in the area of wireless resource allocation. The main idea of GBD is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Mengyuan Lee , Ning Ma , Guanding Yu , Huaiyu Dai

Gaussian mixtures are widely used for approximating density functions in various applications such as density estimation, belief propagation, and Bayesian filtering. These applications often utilize Gaussian mixtures as initial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-18 Qiong Zhang , Archer Gong Zhang , Jiahua Chen

Accelerated algorithms for maximum likelihood image reconstruction are essential for emerging applications such as 3D tomography, dynamic tomographic imaging, and other high dimensional inverse problems. In this paper, we introduce and…

Computation · Statistics 2012-01-31 Stéphane Chrétien , Alfred O. Hero

Clustering is a widely used technique with a long and rich history in a variety of areas. However, most existing algorithms do not scale well to large datasets, or are missing theoretical guarantees of convergence. This paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Yijia Zhou , Kyle A. Gallivan , Adrian Barbu

Many physical systems evolve on matrix Lie groups and mixture filtering designed for such manifolds represent an inevitable tool for challenging estimation problems. However, mixture filtering faces the issue of a constantly growing number…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Josip Cesic , Ivan Markovic , Ivan Petrovic

Training generative models to sample from unnormalized density functions is an important and challenging task in machine learning. Traditional training methods often rely on the reverse Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Jiajun He , Wenlin Chen , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

We propose an algorithm capable of identifying and eliminating irrelevant layers of a neural network during the early stages of training. In contrast to weight or filter-level pruning, layer pruning reduces the harder to parallelize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Valentin Frank Ingmar Guenter , Athanasios Sideris

The contributions of the paper span theoretical and implementational results. First, we prove that Kd-trees can be extended to spaces in which the distance is measured with an arbitrary Bregman divergence. Perhaps surprisingly, this shows…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Tuyen Pham , Hubert Wagner

Data collection is a critical step in statistical inference and data science, and the goal of statistical experimental design (ED) is to find the data collection setup that can provide most information for the inference. In this work we…

Computation · Statistics 2020-07-01 Ziqiao Ao , Jinglai Li