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Einstein's early calculations of gravitational lensing, contained in a scratch notebook and dated to the spring of 1912, are reexamined. A hitherto unknown letter by Einstein suggests that he entertained the idea of explaining the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-12-17 Tilman Sauer

It is commonly known that the steady-state model of the universe was proposed and championed in a series of influential papers around mid-twenty century by Fred Hoyle, Hermann Bondi, and Thomas Gold. In contrast it is little known that,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Salvador Galindo-Uribarri , Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota

The Einstein Archives contain a considerable collection of calculations in the form of working sheets and scratch paper, documenting Einstein's scientific preoccupations during the last three decades of his life until his death in 1955.…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Tilman Sauer

There is a myth that Einstein's discovery of general relativity was due to his following beautiful mathematics to discover new insights about nature. I argue that this is an incorrect reading of the history and that what Einstein did was to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-12-24 Lee Smolin

Einstein's research manuscripts provide important insights into his exceptional creativity. At the same time, they can present difficulties for a publication in the documentary edition of the Collected Papers of Albert Einstein (CPAE). The…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tilman Sauer

In his search for a unified field theory that could undercut quantum mechanics, Einstein considered five dimensional classical Kaluza-Klein theory. He studied this theory most intensively during the years 1938-1943. One of his primary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jeroen van Dongen

Childhood and Schooldays: Albert Einstein, and the family members seemed to have exaggerated the story of Albert who developed slowly, learned to talk late, and whose parents thought he was abnormal. These and other stories were adopted by…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-05-22 Galina Weinstein

Con la intencion de realizar una pequena aportacion en la celebracion del ano 2005, proclamado como Ano Internacional de la Fisica, el cuerpo academico de Particulas, Campos y Astrofisica de la Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas presenta un…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrey Chubykalo , Valeri Dvoeglazov , Augusto Espinoza , Alejandro Gutierrez

Year 2005 was the World Year of Physics, and it was commemorated worldwide as the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's legendary works in which the foundations of at least three areas of modern physics were laid: statistical mechanics,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-06-19 Alejandro Gangui

In June 1930 Einstein visited Cambridge where he stayed with Eddington who had just shown that Einstein's supposedly static universe of 1917 was not stable. This forced Einstein to rethink his cosmology. He spent January and February 1931…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-02-25 Harry Nussbaumer

We summarize the papers published by Einstein in the Annalen der Physik in the years 1902-04 on the derivation of the properties of thermal equilibrium on the basis of the mechanical equations of motion and of the calculus of probabilities.…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Luca Peliti , Raúl Rechtman

Albert Einstein accepted a 'special' visiting professorship at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands in February 1920. Although his appointment should have been a mere formality, it took until October of that year before Einstein…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-11-15 Jeroen van Dongen

This is a review with some comments on the A. Einstein`s 1911 paper, which he published as one of his many attempts of the general theory of relativity. The main point of the idea is to propose a new approach about light and its motion as…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Rigoberto Martinez

In December 1911, Max Abraham published a paper on gravitation at the basis of which was Albert Einstein's 1911 June conclusion about a relationship between the velocity of light and the gravitational potential. In February 1912, Einstein…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-02-14 Galina Weinstein

Art history linked some early 20th Century avant-garde visual art movements to contemporary systems of ideas in mathematics and theoretical physics. One of the proposed connections is the one that might have existed between Cubism and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-31 José X. Martini

In the year 1905 Albert Einstein published four papers that raised him to a giant in the history of science of all times. These works encompass the photon hypothesis (for which he obtained the Nobel prize in 1921), his first two papers on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Hänggi , Fabio Marchesoni

This is a brief look at how Einstein explored formal symmetries between quantized matter and quantized radiation between 1903 and 1925. Specifically he employed thermodynamic comparisons between the ideal molecular gas and the photon gas.…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2014-12-08 Paul A. Klevgard

On the basis of his `Z\"urich Notebook' I shall describe a particularly fruitful phase in Einstein's struggle on the way to general relativity. These research notes are an extremely illuminating source for understanding Einstein's main…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 Norbert Straumann

This note examines an apparently unpublished manuscript on special relativity written by Conrad Habicht in 1914 and made available online by the ETH-Bibliothek Z\"urich in December 2024. To the best of my knowledge, no study of its content…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Hector Giacomini

We critically revisit Einstein's 1905 heuristic argument for lightquanta, considering its internal coherence and the scope of its applicability. We argue that Einstein's reasoning, often celebrated for its originality, is ambiguous because…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Enric Pérez , Antonio Gil