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Number theory as a coherent mathematical subject started with the work of Fermat in the decade from 1630 to 1640, but modern number theory, that is, the systematic and mathematically rigorous development of the subject from fundamental…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-24 Steve Wright

In this paper we propose different notions of F_zeta-geometry, for zeta a root of unity, generalizing notions of F_1-geometry (geometry over the "field with one element") based on the behavior of the counting functions of points over finite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-10 Catharine Wing Kwan Lo , Matilde Marcolli

The initial algebra for an endofunctor F provides a recursion and induction scheme for data structures whose constructors are described by F. The initial-algebra construction by Ad\'amek (1974) starts with the initial object (e.g. the empty…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Thorsten Wißmann , Stefan Milius

Divided into three parts, the first marks out enormous geometric issues with the notion of quasi-freenss of an algebra and seeks to replace this notion of formal smoothness with an approximation by means of a minimal unital commutative…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2014-04-11 Anastasis Kratsios

This note is an invitation to the theory of geometric functions. The foundation techniques and some of the developments in the field are explained with the mindset that the audience is principally young researchers wishing to understand…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2009-10-21 K. O. Babalola

The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to the field of Schema Theory written by a mathematician and for mathematicians. In particular, we endeavor to to highlight areas of the field which might be of interest to a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-01 David White

This book is an introductory course to basic commutative algebra with a particular emphasis on finitely generated projective modules. We adopt the constructive point of view, with which all existence theorems have an explicit algorithmic…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Henri Lombardi , Claude Quitté

A standard assumption in the study of logarithmic structures is "fineness", but this assumption is not preserved by intersections, fiber products, and more general limits. We explain how a coherent logarithmic scheme $X$ has a natural…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Thibault Poiret , Dhruv Ranganathan

We give a quick survey of the various fixed point theorems in computability theory, partial combinatory algebra, and the theory of numberings, as well as generalizations based on those. We also point out several open problems connected to…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Sebastiaan A. Terwijn

In a number of recent works [6, 7] the authors have introduced and studied a functor $\mathcal{F}_k$ which associates to each loose graph $\Gamma$ -which is similar to a graph, but where edges with $0$ or $1$ vertex are allowed - a…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2016-11-24 Manuel Merida-Angulo , Koen Thas

These notes are dedicated to whom may be interested in algorithms, Markov chain, coupling, and graph theory etc. I present some preliminaries on coupling and explanations of the important formulas or phrases, which may be helpful for us to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-12-12 Jinshan Zhang

The concept of Central sets, introduced by Furstenberg through the framework of topological dynamics, has played a pivotal role in combinatorial number theory. Furstenberg's Central Sets Theorem highlighted their rich combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Pintu Debnath , Sayan Goswami , Chunlin Liu

The purpose of this note is to report, in narrative rather than rigorous style, about the nice geometry of $6$-division points on the Fermat cubic $F$ and various conics naturally attached to them. Most facts presented here were derived by…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Tomasz Szemberg , Justyna Szpond

The existence of a quantum field theory over the "field with one element" was first addressed in 2012 by Bejleri and Marcolli, where it was shown that wonderful compactifications of the graph configuration spaces that appear in the…

General Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Seyed Khaki

The paper is devoted to the fixed point theory in four aspects: of contractions, nonexpansive mappings, generalized inward mappings, and of the tool theorems. The manuscript was written about ten years ago. At first Nadler's concept of…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Lech Pasicki

We survey the development and status quo of a subject best described as "generic representation theory of finite dimensional algebras", which started taking shape in the early 1980s. Let $\Lambda$ be a finite dimensional algebra over an…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-20 K. R. Goodearl , B. Huisgen-Zimmermann

We prove that the existence of finite combinatorial objects such as affine planes, mutually orthogonal Latin squares, and resolvable balanced incomplete block designs can be reformulated as the existence of certain algorithmic reductions…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Damir D. Dzhafarov , Jun le Goh

The aim of these notes is to provide a reasonably short and "hands-on" introduction to the differential calculus on associative algebras over a field of characteristic zero. Following a suggestion of Ginzburg's we call the resulting theory…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Alberto Tacchella

Plan of this report is given below: 1. Motivation from Physical and Mathematical Point of View; 2. Differential Calculi on Finite Groups; 3. Metrics; 4. Lagrangian Field Theory and Symplectic Structure; 5. Scalar Field Theory and Spectral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jian Dai , Xing-Chang Song

This is a write-up of a two hour talk at the Simons workshop. It contains an elementary introduction to F-theory and may be useful for people new to the subject.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-09-24 Martijn Wijnholt