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Likelihood ratios are used for a variety of applications in particle physics data analysis, including parameter estimation, unfolding, and anomaly detection. When the data are high-dimensional, neural networks provide an effective tools for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-27 Fernando Torales Acosta , Tanvi Wamorkar , Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman

Deep Neural Networks reached state-of-the-art performance across numerous domains, but this progress has come at the cost of increasingly large and over-parameterized models, posing serious challenges for deployment on resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Dario Malchiodi , Mattia Ferraretto , Marco Frasca

Many failures in deep continual and reinforcement learning are associated with increasing magnitudes of the weights, making them hard to change and potentially causing overfitting. While many methods address these learning failures, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mohamed Elsayed , Qingfeng Lan , Clare Lyle , A. Rupam Mahmood

Semantically meaningful sentence embeddings are important for numerous tasks in natural language processing. To obtain such embeddings, recent studies explored the idea of utilizing synthetically generated data from pretrained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Taehee Kim , ChaeHun Park , Jimin Hong , Radhika Dua , Edward Choi , Jaegul Choo

Batch Normalization is a commonly used trick to improve the training of deep neural networks. These neural networks use L2 regularization, also called weight decay, ostensibly to prevent overfitting. However, we show that L2 regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Twan van Laarhoven

Regularization plays a major role in modern deep learning. From classic techniques such as L1,L2 penalties to other noise-based methods such as Dropout, regularization often yields better generalization properties by avoiding overfitting.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-08 Soufiane Hayou , Fadhel Ayed

Regularization plays an important role in generalization of deep neural networks, which are often prone to overfitting with their numerous parameters. L1 and L2 regularizers are common regularization tools in machine learning with their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Dae Hoon Park , Chiu Man Ho , Yi Chang , Huaqing Zhang

Dropout is a very effective way of regularizing neural networks. Stochastically "dropping out" units with a certain probability discourages over-specific co-adaptations of feature detectors, preventing overfitting and improving network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Pietro Morerio , Jacopo Cavazza , Riccardo Volpi , Rene Vidal , Vittorio Murino

The weight decay regularization term is widely used during training to constrain expressivity, avoid overfitting, and improve generalization. Historically, this concept was borrowed from the SVM maximum margin principle and extended to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Berry Weinstein , Shai Fine , Yacov Hel-Or

Deep neural networks have been shown to be very powerful modeling tools for many supervised learning tasks involving complex input patterns. However, they can also easily overfit to training set biases and label noises. In addition to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Mengye Ren , Wenyuan Zeng , Bin Yang , Raquel Urtasun

Tabular neural network (NN) has attracted remarkable attentions and its recent advances have gradually narrowed the performance gap with respect to tree-based models on many public datasets. While the mainstreams focus on calibrating NN to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuan Li , Yun Wang , Bo Li

Despite impressive performance on numerous visual tasks, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) --- unlike brains --- are often highly sensitive to small perturbations of their input, e.g. adversarial noise leading to erroneous decisions. We…

The aim of this paper is to introduce two widely applicable regularization methods based on the direct modification of weight matrices. The first method, Weight Reinitialization, utilizes a simplified Bayesian assumption with partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Patrik Reizinger , Bálint Gyires-Tóth

Most complex machine learning and modelling techniques are prone to over-fitting and may subsequently generalise poorly to future data. Artificial neural networks are no different in this regard and, despite having a level of implicit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-26 Vincent Szolnoky , Viktor Andersson , Balazs Kulcsar , Rebecka Jörnsten

The ever-increasing number of parameters in deep neural networks poses challenges for memory-limited applications. Regularize-and-prune methods aim at meeting these challenges by sparsifying the network weights. In this context we quantify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Enzo Tartaglione , Skjalg Lepsøy , Attilio Fiandrotti , Gianluca Francini

This position paper proposes a systematic approach towards developing a framework to help select the most effective embedding models for natural language processing (NLP) tasks, addressing the challenge posed by the proliferation of both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vivek Khetan

The risks and perils of overfitting in machine learning are well known. However most of the treatment of this, including diagnostic tools and remedies, was developed for the supervised learning case. In this work, we aim to offer new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Amy Zhang , Nicolas Ballas , Joelle Pineau

Model regularization requires extensive manual tuning to balance complexity against overfitting. Cross-regularization resolves this tradeoff by directly adapting regularization parameters through validation gradients during training. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Carlos Stein Brito

Regularization is a critical component in deep learning. The most commonly used approach, weight decay, applies a constant penalty coefficient uniformly across all parameters. This may be overly restrictive for some parameters, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jörg K. H. Franke , Michael Hefenbrock , Gregor Koehler , Frank Hutter

We present weight normalization: a reparameterization of the weight vectors in a neural network that decouples the length of those weight vectors from their direction. By reparameterizing the weights in this way we improve the conditioning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Tim Salimans , Diederik P. Kingma