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We construct a state model for the two-variable Kauffman polynomial using planar trivalent graphs. We also use this model to obtain a polynomial invariant for a certain type of trivalent graphs embedded in three-dimensional space.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-01 Carmen Caprau , James Tipton

In this paper, we give a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding whether an input bipartite graph admits a 2-layer fan-planar drawing, resolving an open problem posed in several papers since 2015.

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yasuaki Kobayashi , Yuto Okada

We study the related questions: (i) when Feynman amplitudes in massless $\phi^4$ theory evaluate to multiple zeta values, and (ii) when their underlying motives are mixed Tate. More generally, by considering configurations of singular…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-07-21 Francis C. S. Brown

Two criteria for planarity of a Feynman diagram upon its propagators (momentum flows) are presented. Instructive Mathematica programs that solve the problem and examples are provided. A simple geometric argument is used to show that while…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-12-20 Krzysztof Bielas , Ievgen Dubovyk , Janusz Gluza , Tord Riemann

In loop quantum gravity, states of quantum geometry are represented by classes of knotted graphs, equivalent under diffeomorphisms. Thus, it is worthwhile to enumerate and distinguish these classes. This paper looks at the case of 4-regular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-09 Daniel Cartin

Work is reported on finite integral representations for 2-loop massive 2-, 3- and 4-point functions, using orthogonal and parallel space variables. It is shown that this can be utilized to cover particles with arbitrary spin (tensor…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-02-03 Dirk Kreimer

In this paper, we show that every $(2P_2,K_4)$-free graph is 4-colorable. The bound is attained by the five-wheel and the complement of the seven-cycle. This answers an open question by Wagon \cite{Wa80} in the 1980s. Our result can also be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Serge Gaspers , Shenwei Huang

Firstly, for a general graph, we find a recursion formula on the number of Hamiltonian cycles and one on cycles. By this result, we give some new polynomial invariants. Secondly, we give a condition to tell whether a polynomial defined by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Yi Bo

Recently presented explicit formulae for asymptotic expansions of Feynman diagrams in the Sudakov limit are applied to typical two-loop diagrams. For a diagram with one non-zero mass these formulae provide an algorithm for analytical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-30 V. A. Smirnov

It is known that a distance-regular graph with valency $k$ at least three admits at most two Q-polynomial structures. % In this note we show that all distance-regular graphs with diameter four and valency at least three admitting two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Jianmin Ma , Jack Koolen

A 3d generally covariant field theory having some unusual properties is described. The theory has a degenerate 3-metric which effectively makes it a 2d field theory in disguise. For 2-manifolds without boundary, it has an infinite number of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-06 Viqar Husain

The Tutte polynomial is a classical invariant, important in combinatorics and statistical mechanics. An essential feature of the Tutte polynomial is the duality for planar graphs G, $T_G(X,Y)\; =\; {T}_{G^*}(Y,X)$ where $G^*$ denotes the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-01 Vyacheslav Krushkal , David Renardy

The purpose of this paper is to show that, under certain combinatorial conditions on the graph, parametric Feynman integrals can be realized as periods on the complement of the determinant hypersurface in an affine space depending on the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Paolo Aluffi , Matilde Marcolli

In this talk I discuss properties of the two Symanzik polynomials which characterise the integrand of an arbitrary multi-loop integral in its Feynman parametric form. Based on the construction from spanning forests and Laplacian matrices,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-12-13 Christian Bogner

Motivated by the necessities of the invariant theory of binary forms J. J. Sylvester constructed in 1878 for each graph with possible multiple edges but without loops its symmetrized graph monomial which is a polynomial in the vertex labels…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2015-12-14 Per Alexandersson , Boris Shapiro

The $c_2$ invariant is an arithmetic graph invariant introduced by Schnetz and developed by Brown and Schnetz in order to better understand Feynman integrals. This document looks at the special case where the graph in question is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-01 Karen Yeats

For a planar graph with a given f-vector $(f_{0}, f_{1}, f_{2}),$ we introduce a cubic polynomial whose coefficients depend on the f-vector. The planar graph is said to be real if all the roots of the corresponding polynomial are real. Thus…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-29 M. R. Emamy-K. , Bahman Kalantari , Tatiana Correa

Wang and Lih in 2002 conjectured that every planar graph without adjacent triangles is 4-choosable. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph without any 4-cycle adjacent to two triangles is DP-4-colorable, which improves the results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-25 Runrun Liu , Xiangwen Li

A detailed investigation is presented of a set of algorithms which form the basis for a fast and reliable numerical integration of one-loop multi-leg (up to six) Feynman diagrams, with special attention to the behavior around (possibly)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-05 A. Ferroglia , G. Passarino , M. Passera , S. Uccirati

It is shown that every 2-planar graph is quasiplanar, that is, if a simple graph admits a drawing in the plane such that every edge is crossed at most twice, then it also admits a drawing in which no three edges pairwise cross. We further…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Michael Hoffmann , Csaba D. Tóth